ArticleBiological psychiatry2013
Repeated ketamine exposure induces an enduring resilient phenotype in adolescent and adult rats.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ketamine/esketamine treatment for resistant depression in children and adolescents: a PRISMA systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Appetite measures as correlates of clinical response in mood disorders treated with ketamine: systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Multivariate Effect of Ketamine on PTSD: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of therapeutic ketamine use in children and adolescents with treatment-resistant mood disorders.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Ketamine attenuates anxiety-like behavior and oxidative imbalance in the maternal immune activation model: emphasis on the cerebellum.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Ketamine or Esketamine in Special Populations of Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- KETAMIR-2, a new molecular entity and novel ketamine analog.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The antipsychotic potential ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Fast-acting antidepressant-like effects of ketamine in aged male rats.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Article
- Pre-adolescence repeat exposure to sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine induces long-lasting behaviors and cognition impairment in male and female rat adults.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Immediate and long-term electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant-like behavioral effects after subanesthetic ketamine and medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation treatment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Behavioral sensitization and tolerance induced by repeated treatment with ketamine enantiomers in male Wistar rats.PloS one · 2024Article
- Sex-Specific Alterations in Spatial Memory and Hippocampal AKT-mTOR Signaling in Adult Mice Pre-exposed to Ketamine and/or Psychological Stress During Adolescence.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- (R)-ketamine attenuates neurodevelopmental disease-related phenotypes in a mouse model of maternal immune activation.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Hippocampal phase precession is preserved under ketamine, but the range of precession across a theta cycle is reduced.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Age, Dose, and Locomotion: Decoding Vulnerability to Ketamine in C57BL/6J and BALB/c Mice.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Repeated dextromethorphan administration in adolescent rats produces long-lasting behavioral alterations.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- Bridging rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine.Trends in molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Role of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in the antidepressant effects of ketamine.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder afflicts up to 10% of adolescents. However, nearly 50% of those afflicted are considered nonresponsive to available treatments. Ketamine, a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist has shown potential as a rapid-acting and long-lasting treatment for major depressive disorder in adults. Thus, the effectiveness and functional consequences of ketamine exposure during adolescence were explored.
methodsAdolescent male rats (postnatal day [PD] 35) received two ketamine (0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg) injections, 4 hours apart, after exposure to day 1 of the forced swim test (FST). The next day, rats were reexposed to the FST to assess ketamine-induced antidepressant-like responses. Separate groups were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress to confirm findings from the FST. After these initial experiments, adolescent naive rats were exposed to either 1 or 15 consecutive days (PD35-49) of ketamine (20 mg/kg) twice daily. Ketamine's influence on behavioral reactivity to rewarding (i.e., sucrose preference) and aversive (i.e., elevated plus-maze, FST) circumstances was then assessed 2 months after treatment. To control for age-dependent effects, adult rats (PD75-89) were exposed to identical experimental conditions.
resultsKetamine (20 mg/kg) reversed the chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in the FST. Repeated ketamine exposure resulted in anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like responses 2 months after drug exposure. None of the ketamine doses used were capable of inducing drug-seeking behaviors as measured by place preference conditioning.
conclusionsRepeated ketamine exposure induces enduring resilient-like responses regardless of age of exposure. These findings point to ketamine, and its repeated exposure, as a potentially useful antidepressant during adolescence.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.