ReviewCurrent pharmaceutical design2014
Transporters at CNS barrier sites: obstacles or opportunities for drug delivery?
Review in Current pharmaceutical design, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 122 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
122 citing papers in PubMed, 231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Crossing the blood-brain barrier: nanoparticle-based strategies for neurodegenerative disease therapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- The Landscape of Ferritin Nanocages for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Neurotoxicity and Potential Mechanisms of Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs).Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Extract ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The canine blood-brain barrier in health and disease: focus on brain protection.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Review
- Nanocarrier Strategies in Glioblastoma: Overcoming Barriers to Effective Brain Tumor Therapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- Viruses and the Brain-A Relationship Prone to Trouble.Viruses · 2025Review
- Do P-glycoprotein-mediated drug-drug interactions at the blood-brain barrier impact morphine brain distribution?Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2025Article
- Development of Brain Permeable Drugs and Novel Strategies to Overcome the Brain Barriers for Treatment Purposes.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Circadian influences on central nervous system barriers and the glymphatic system.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Antiproliferative and Morphological Analysis Triggered by Drugs Contained in the Medicines for Malaria Venture COVID-Box AgainstMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Mechanism of 5-fluorouracil induced resistance and role of piperine and curcumin as chemo-sensitizers in colon cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Impact of C-3 Side Chain Modifications on Kynurenic Acid: A Behavioral Analysis of Its Analogs in the Motor Domain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Interspecies Brain PBPK Modeling Platform to Predict Passive Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and Assess Target Site Disposition.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- CNS Drug Delivery in Stroke: Improving Therapeutic Translation From the Bench to the Bedside.Stroke · 2024Review
- Targeted Treatment Strategies for Mitochondria Dysfunction: Correlation with Neurological Disorders.Current drug targets · 2024Review
- Uptake Transporters at the Blood-Brain Barrier and Their Role in Brain Drug Disposition.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The secreted neuronal signal Spock1 promotes blood-brain barrier development.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- A State-of-the-Science Review of Interactions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) with Renal Transporters in Health and Disease: Implications for Population Variability in PFAS Toxicokinetics.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
62 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) barriers are critical determinants of CNS homeostasis. Additionally, the BBB and BCSF barriers are formidable obstacles to effective CNS drug delivery. These brain barrier sites express putative influx and efflux transporters that precisely control permeation of circulating solutes including drugs. The study of transporters has enabled a shift away from "brute force" approaches to delivering drugs by physically circumventing brain barriers towards chemical approaches that can target specific compounds of the BBB and/or BCSF barrier. However, our understanding of transporters at the BBB and BCSF barriers has primarily focused on understanding efflux transporters that efficiently prevent drugs from attaining therapeutic concentrations in the CNS. Recently, through the characterization of multiple endogenously expressed uptake transporters, this paradigm has shifted to the study of brain transporter targets that can facilitate drug delivery (i.e., influx transporters). Additionally, signaling pathways and trafficking mechanisms have been identified for several endogenous BBB/BCSF transporters, thereby offering even more opportunities to understand how transporters can be exploited for optimization of CNS drug delivery. This review presents an overview of the BBB and BCSF barrier as well as the many families of transporters functionally expressed at these barrier sites. Furthermore, we present an overview of various strategies that have been designed and utilized to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain with a particular emphasis on those approaches that directly target endogenous BBB/BCSF barrier transporters.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.