ArticleBMJ open2013
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in an Icelandic birth cohort.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: A three-level meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in high-income vs. lower middle-income countries: An overview of systematic reviews and research papers from LMIC.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Understanding the Effects of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: A Project AIM Meta-analysis.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2021Pooled it
- Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2018Pooled it
- Association Between Intellectual Functioning and Autistic Traits in the General Population of Children.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- EEG Abnormalities and Phenotypic Correlates in Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Soluble form of Lingo2, an autism spectrum disorder-associated molecule, functions as an excitatory synapse organizer in neurons.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children in Southeast Asia from 2002 to 2022: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2024Article
- ProVIA-Kids - outcomes of an uncontrolled study on smartphone-based behaviour analysis for challenging behaviour in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities or autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in digital health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Autism in Scandinavian Countries (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), and Nordic Countries (Finland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland).Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Intercontinental insights into autism spectrum disorder: a synthesis of environmental influences and DNA methylation.Environmental epigenetics · 2024Review
- Autism care pathway in Europe.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Article
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders: clinical and neuroradiological phenotypes.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Centro region of Portugal: a population based study of school age children within the ASDEU project.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Attitudes Towards Evidence-Based Practice of Professionals Working with Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Bangladesh.Administration and policy in mental health · 2022Article
- Smartphone-based behaviour analysis for challenging behaviour in intellectual and developmental disabilities and autism spectrum disorder - Study protocol for the ProVIA trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Practical applications of brief screening questionnaires for autism spectrum disorder in a psychiatry outpatient setting.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2021Article
- Drug Treatment of Epilepsy Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities in Children.Paediatric drugs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesA steady increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been reported in studies based on different methods, requiring adjustment for participation and missing data. Recent studies with high ASD prevalence rates rarely report on co-occurring medical conditions. The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of clinically confirmed cases of ASD in Iceland and concomitant medical conditions.
designThe cohort is based on a nationwide database on ASD among children born during 1994-1998.
participantsA total of 267 children were diagnosed with ASD, 197 boys and 70 girls. Only clinically confirmed cases were included. All received physical and neurological examination, standardised diagnostic workup for ASD, as well as cognitive testing. ASD diagnosis was established by interdisciplinary teams. Information on medical conditions and chromosomal testing was obtained by record linkage with hospital registers.
settingTwo tertiary institutions in Iceland. The population registry recorded 22 229 children in the birth cohort.
resultsPrevalence of all ASD was 120.1/10 000 (95% CI 106.6 to 135.3), for boys 172.4/10 000 (95% CI 150.1 to 198.0) and for girls 64.8/10 000 (95% CI 51.3 to 81.8). Prevalence of all medical conditions was 17.2% (95% CI 13.2 to 22.2), including epilepsy of 7.1% (95% CI 4.6 to 10.8). The proportion of ASD cases with cognitive impairment (intellectual quotient <70) was 45.3%, but only 34.1% were diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID). Children diagnosed earlier or later did not differ on mean total score on a standardised interview for autism.
conclusionsThe number of clinically verified cases is larger than in previous studies, yielding a prevalence of ASD on a similar level as found in recent non-clinical studies. The prevalence of co-occurring medical conditions was high, considering the low proportion of ASD cases that also had ID. Earlier detection is clearly desirable in order to provide counselling and treatment.
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