Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23787749›Full record

ArticleNature chemistry2013

On the nature and origin of dicationic, charge-separated species formed in liquid water on X-ray irradiation.

Stephan Thürmer, Milan Ončák, Niklas Ottosson, Robert Seidel, Uwe Hergenhahn, Stephen E Bradforth, Petr Slavíček, Bernd Winter

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observation of an Associative State in Aqueous Hydroxide.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Reaction Pathways of Water Dimer Following Single Ionization.The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. HNature communications · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Photoionization of the aqueous phase: clusters, droplets and liquid jets.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2022
    Review
  11. Probing aqueous ions with non-local Auger relaxation.Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Temperature Dependence of X-ray-Induced Auger Processes in Liquid Water.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2020
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Ultrafast Chemistry of Water Radical Cation, H₂OMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Stephan ThürmerHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, and Berlin Electron Storage Ring Society for Synchrotron Radiation, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
Milan Ončák
Niklas Ottosson
Robert Seidel
Uwe Hergenhahn
Stephen E Bradforth
Petr Slavíček
Bernd Winter

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To understand the yield and patterns of damage in aqueous condensed matter, including biological systems, it is essential to identify the initial products subsequent to the interaction of high-energy radiation with liquid water. Until now, the observation of several fast reactions induced by energetic particles in water was not possible on their characteristic timescales. Therefore, some of the reaction intermediates involved, particularly those that require nuclear motion, were not considered when describing radiation chemistry. Here, through a combined experimental and theoretical study, we elucidate the ultrafast proton dynamics in the first few femtoseconds after X-ray core-level ionization of liquid water. We show through isotope analysis of the Auger spectra that proton-transfer dynamics occur on the same timescale as electron autoionization. Proton transfer leads to the formation of a Zundel-type intermediate [HO*···H···H2O](+), which further ionizes to form a so-far unnoticed type of dicationic charge-separated species with high internal energy. We call the process proton-transfer mediated charge separation.

Indexed as

X-RaysCations, DivalentProtonsWaterCations, DivalentProtonsWater

Identifiers

PMID23787749

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.