Trial reportJournal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2013
Sex related differences on valproic acid pharmacokinetics after oral single dose.
Trial report in Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring gender differences in pharmacokinetics of central nervous system related medicines based on a systematic review approach.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex-specific DNA methylation differences in Alzheimer's disease pathology.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of population pharmacokinetics of valproic acid.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Effects of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on the pharmacokinetics of valproic acid.Drug design, development and therapy · 2015Trial
- Seasonal variation in ammonia among euthymic women with Bipolar I Disorder treated with valproic acid in Turkey: a prospective study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Real-Time Valproic Acid Prediction in Epilepsy Treatment.Pharmacopsychiatry · 2026Article
- A QSP Model of Valproic Acid Toxicity in Pediatric and Adult Populations: Implications for Formulation Selection and L-Carnitine Supplementation.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in hepatic enzymes and transporters involved in pharmacokinetics.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Evidence of Sex-Related Pharmacodynamic Differences in Photosensitive Epilepsy Treated with Valproate: Findings from a Retrospective, Observational, Single-Center, Within-Patient, Cohort Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2025Article
- Anxiolytic and sedative effects of sodium valproate with different experimental paradigms in male and female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Article
- Fixed parameters in the population pharmacokinetic modeling of valproic acid might not be suitable: external validation in Chinese adults with epilepsy or after neurosurgery.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Article
- Factors influencing valproic acid trough levels in epileptic children.La Tunisie medicale · 2024Observational
- Article
- Valproic acid for agitation in the intensive care unit: an observational study of psychiatric consults.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Observational
- Sex and Cross-Sex Testosterone Treatment Alters Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate Acid Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics in Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Combined carbapenem resulted in a 4.48-fold increase in valproic acid clearance: a population pharmacokinetic model in Chinese children and adults with epilepsy or after neurosurgery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Human Data on Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Cannabinoids: A Narrative Review.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Evaluation ofPharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Physiologically based mechanistic insight into differential risk of valproate hepatotoxicity between children and adults: A focus on ontogeny impact.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Article
- GHB toxicokinetics and renal monocarboxylate transporter expression are influenced by the estrus cycle in rats.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plasma concentration-time data obtained after an oral single dose of 500-mg valproic acid (VPA) in a delayed release formulation was used to model enterohepatic cycling of the drug. Fourteen healthy subjects (seven women and seven men) were enrolled, food intake was standardized, blood samples were withdrawn up to 48 h post dosing and VPA plasma concentrations were analyzed by HPLC-UV method. Secondary peaks of VPA were observed in almost all subjects. A population pharmacokinetic analysis with sex, weight, age and contraceptive therapy as possible covariates was performed. Women without contraceptive therapy presented a longer lag time, a lower VPA hepatic output and a higher reabsorbed fraction than men. Weight affected both volume of the central compartment and the absorption rate constant. Women under contraceptive therapy showed similar disposition parameters to men. Reabsorbed fraction of bioavailable dose was 46.2 % in women and 21.8 % in men, revealing important sex differences in drug hepatobiliar output. These results showed that VPA displays sex-related pharmacokinetic differences due to different metabolic and transporter-mediated disposition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23784346What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.