ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2015
Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02865941 (Target Fortification of Breast Milk), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Target Fortification of Breast Milk: The Effect of Different Schedules for Milk Analysis on the Growth and Development of Preterm Infants.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Maternal BMI is positively associated with human milk fat: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Nutrient exploration and heavy metal risk assessment of baby milk and infant formulae sold within Umuahia metropolis, Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Impact of Holder Pasteurization on Macronutrients, Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactive Factors in Human Milk Processed in a Milk Bank Setting.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Technical note: colorimetric methods for accurate determination of nutrient composition in beef cow colostrum and milk.Journal of animal science · 2023Article
- Comparing human milk macronutrients measured using analyzers based on mid-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound and the application of machine learning in data fitting.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Individualized Target Fortification of Breast Milk: Optimizing Macronutrient Content Using Different Fortifiers and Approaches.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Expressed Breast Milk Analysis: Role of Individualized Protein Fortification to Avoid Protein Deficit After Preterm Birth and Improve Infant Outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Dependency of the optical scattering properties of human milk on casein content and common sample preparation methods.Journal of biomedical optics · 2020Article
- Human milk analyser underestimated protein content of unfortified and fortified samples compared to elemental analysis.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2019Article
- A cross-sectional study of fatty acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in human milk from lactating women following vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets.European journal of nutrition · 2019Observational
- Optical properties of human milk.Biomedical optics express · 2019Article
- Comparison of macronutrient content in human milk measured by mid-infrared human milk analyzer and reference methods.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Article
- Comparison of macronutrient contents in human milk measured using mid-infrared human milk analyser in a field study vs. chemical reference methods.Maternal & child nutrition · 2017Article
- Validation of Correction Algorithms for Near-IR Analysis of Human Milk in an Independent Sample Set-Effect of Pasteurization.Nutrients · 2016Article
- Establishment of micromethods for macronutrient contents analysis in breast milk.Maternal & child nutrition · 2015Article
- Microbiota at Multiple Body Sites during Pregnancy in a Rural Tanzanian Population and Effects of Moringa-Supplemented Probiotic Yogurt.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Rapid measurement of macronutrients in breast milk: How reliable are infrared milk analyzers?Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2015Article
- Observational
- Promoting healthy growth and nutrition in preterm infants: a challenge for clinicians and researchers.Clinical biochemistry · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Commercially available milk analysers were originally developed for use in the dairy industry, but they are now used to analyse macronutrient content of breast milk in clinical studies and routine care of the premature or very low birthweight (VLBW) infants. Due to the different composition of cow and breast milk, these devices need to be validated against reference methods before they can be used in daily routine. However, current reference methods require a sample volume of 30-100 mL to analyse fat, protein and lactose. It is not feasible to obtain this volume of milk for research purposes, especially from VLBW infants as lactation may be delayed or impaired and the limited volume of breast milk must be provided to the infant. To support validation of milk analysers in both clinical and research settings, the aim of this study is to establish and validate micromethods for precise macronutrient analysis in small volume of breast milk and conduct a feasibility study of the micromethods as a post-validation. Methods include a modified Mojonnier ether extraction (fat), elemental analysis (protein) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lactose). We were able to downsize volumes required for analysis of fat, protein and lactose to 1 mL, 260 μL and 100 μL; corresponding coefficients of variation are 1.7, 1.8 and 2.3%, respectively. The presented methods allow for reliable and precise analyses of macronutrients in ≤1.5 mL of breast milk and will be used to validate milk analysers.
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