Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23781894›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of managed care2013

Medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes complications and comorbidities.

Rui Li, Dori Bilik, Morton B Brown, Ping Zhang, Susan L Ettner, Ronald T Ackermann, Jesse C Crosson, William H Herman

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of managed care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
88citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

88 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Protein restriction for diabetic kidney disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023
    Pooled it
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  12. Observational
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  14. Review
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  18. Disease and Economic Burden of Poor Metabolic and Weight Control in Type 2 Diabetes in Spain: A Systematic Literature Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Review
  19. Review
  20. The rationale, design and baseline data of FLOW, a kidney outcomes trial with once-weekly semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023 · on this map
    Article

28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rui LiDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE, MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. eok8@cdc.gov
Dori Bilik
Morton B Brown
Ping Zhang
Susan L Ettner
Ronald T Ackermann
Jesse C Crosson
William H Herman

Funding

PUBLIC HEALTH DEMONSTRATIONP60DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MYERS, MARTIN G · 1985 to 2012
$26.5M
Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
Research BaseP30DK092926 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MARY ELLEN MICHELE HEISLER, ADESUWA B OLOMU · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926NIDDK NIH HHS P60 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P60DK020572
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo estimate the direct medical costs associated with type 2 diabetes, its complications, and its comorbidities among U.S. managed care patients. STUDY

designData were from patient surveys, chart reviews, and health insurance claims for 7109 people with type 2 diabetes from 8 health plans participating in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study between 1999 and 2002.

methodsA generalized linear regression model was developed to estimate the association of patients' demographic characteristics, tobacco use status, treatments, related complications, and comorbidities with medical costs.

resultsThe mean annualized direct medical cost was $2465 for a white man with type 2 diabetes who had been diagnosed fewer than 15 years earlier, was treated with oral medication or diet alone, and had no complications or comorbidities. We found annualized medical costs to be 10% to 50% higher for women and for patients whose diabetes had been diagnosed 15 or more years earlier, who used tobacco, who were being treated with insulin, or who had several other complications. Coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hemiplegia, and amputation were each associated with 70% to 150% higher costs. Costs were approximately 300% higher for end-stage renal disease treated with dialysis and approximately 500% higher for end-stage renal disease with kidney transplantation.

conclusionsMost medical costs incurred by patients with type 2 diabetes are related to complications and comorbidities. Our cost estimates can help when determining the most cost-effective interventions to prevent complications and comorbidities.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsAdolescentAdultComorbidityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansLinear ModelsMaleMedical AuditMiddle AgedUnited StatesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID23781894
PMCPMC4337403

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.