Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23778311›Full record

ReviewLeukemia2014

Multifaceted roles of GSK-3 and Wnt/β-catenin in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis: opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

J A McCubrey, L S Steelman, F E Bertrand, N M Davis, S L Abrams, G Montalto, A B D'Assoro, M Libra, F Nicoletti, R Maestro and 4 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Leukemia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
135citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

135 citing papers in PubMed, 248 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Plant signaling & behavior · 2026
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  7. The cross-talk between GSK-3β, RKIP, and PTEN as potential targets for therapeutic implications in cancer: a comprehensive insight.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026
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  18. Frizzled receptors: gatekeepers of Wnt signaling in development and disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

J A McCubreyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
L S SteelmanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
F E BertrandDepartment of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
N M DavisDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
S L AbramsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
G MontaltoBiomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
A B D'AssoroDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
M LibraDepartment of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
F NicolettiDepartment of Bio-Medical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
R MaestroExperimental Oncology 1, CRO IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
J Basecke1] Department of Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany [2] Sanct-Josef-Hospital Cloppenburg, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cloppenburg, Germany.
L CoccoDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
M CervelloConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare 'Alberto Monroy', Palermo, Italy.
A M Martelli1] Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy [2] Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-IOR, Bologna, Italy.
East Carolina University · USUniversity of Bologna · ITUniversity of Catania · ITCentro di Riferimento Oncologico · ITMayo Clinic · USNational Research Council · ITUniversity of Göttingen · DEUniversity of Palermo · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is well documented to participate in a complex array of critical cellular processes. It was initially identified in rat skeletal muscle as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylated and inactivated glycogen synthase. This versatile protein is involved in numerous signaling pathways that influence metabolism, embryogenesis, differentiation, migration, cell cycle progression and survival. Recently, GSK-3 has been implicated in leukemia stem cell pathophysiology and may be an appropriate target for its eradication. In this review, we will discuss the roles that GSK-3 plays in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis as how this pivotal kinase can interact with multiple signaling pathways such as: Wnt/β-catenin, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Notch and others. Moreover, we will discuss how targeting GSK-3 and these other pathways can improve leukemia therapy and may overcome therapeutic resistance. In summary, GSK-3 is a crucial regulatory kinase interacting with multiple pathways to control various physiological processes, as well as leukemia stem cells, leukemia progression and therapeutic resistance. GSK-3 and Wnt are clearly intriguing therapeutic targets.

Indexed as

CarcinogenesisHematopoiesisAnimalsbeta CateninGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3HumansLeukemiaWnt Proteinsbeta CateninGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3Wnt Proteins

Identifiers

PMID23778311
PMCPMC3887408
OpenAlexW1999876234

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.