ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2013
Nanoparticle clearance is governed by Th1/Th2 immunity and strain background.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rediscovery of mononuclear phagocyte system blockade for nanoparticle drug delivery.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
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- Nanomaterial toxicity and risk assessment integrating functionalization strategies advanced in vitro models and regulatory perspectives.Discover nano · 2026Review
- In vivo toxicity assessment of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for nanowarming in organ cryopreservation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Nano-Engineered Delivery of the Pro-Apoptotic KLA Peptide: Strategies, Synergies, and Future Directions.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Reticuloendothelial system blockade does not enhance siRNA-LNP circulation or tumor accumulation in mice.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
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- Changes in gut microbiota and metabolites of mice with intravenous graphene oxide-induced embryo toxicity.Toxicological research · 2024Article
- Virus-Shaped Mesoporous Silica Nanostars to Improve the Transport of Drugs across the Blood-Brain Barrier.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2024Article
- The selection of animal models influences the assessment of anti-tumor efficacy: promising sialic acid-conjugate modified liposomes demonstrate remarkable therapeutic effects in diverse mouse strains.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Engineered nanoparticles promote cardiac tropism of AAV vectors.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Macrophage variance: investigating how macrophage origin influences responses to soluble and physical cues with immortalized vs. primary cells in 2D and 3D culture.Frontiers in biomaterials science · 2024Article
- Macrophage-Targeted Nanomedicines for ARDS/ALI: Promise and Potential.Inflammation · 2022Review
- Biological Features of Nanoparticles: Protein Corona Formation and Interaction with the Immune System.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Modified chitosan for effective renal delivery of siRNA to treat acute kidney injury.Biomaterials · 2022Article
- Polysalicylic Acid Polymer Microparticle Decoys Therapeutically Treat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- Current hurdles to the translation of nanomedicines from bench to the clinic.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Review
- PEGylation of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Modulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Revisiting the outstanding questions in cancer nanomedicine with a future outlook.Nanoscale advances · 2022Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extended circulation of nanoparticles in blood is essential for most clinical applications. Nanoparticles are rapidly cleared by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Approaches such as grafting polyethylene glycol onto particles (PEGylation) extend circulation times; however, these particles are still cleared, and the processes involved in this clearance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an intravital microscopy-based assay for the quantification of nanoparticle clearance, allowing us to determine the effect of mouse strain and immune system function on particle clearance. We demonstrate that mouse strains that are prone to Th1 immune responses clear nanoparticles at a slower rate than Th2-prone mice. Using depletion strategies, we show that both granulocytes and macrophages participate in the enhanced clearance observed in Th2-prone mice. Macrophages isolated from Th1 strains took up fewer particles in vitro than macrophages from Th2 strains. Treating macrophages from Th1 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M2 macrophages increased the amount of particle uptake. Conversely, treating macrophages from Th2 strains with cytokines to differentiate them into M1 macrophages decreased their particle uptake. Moreover, these results were confirmed in human monocyte-derived macrophages, suggesting that global immune regulation has a significant impact on nanoparticle clearance in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.