ReviewDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience2013
Performance monitoring in children and adolescents: a review of developmental changes in the error-related negativity and brain maturation.
Review in Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Age-related differences in the error-related negativity and error positivity in children and adolescents are moderated by sample and methodological characteristics: A meta-analysis.Psychophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Early psychosocial deprivation alters the refinement of neural dynamics across adolescence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Trial
- Error-related brain activity in pediatric anxiety disorders remains elevated following individual therapy: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2018Trial
- Reaction Time Variability and Electrophysiological Indices of Performance Monitoring in Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic and Mechanistic Review of EEG, ERP, and QEEG Evidence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Age and Social Observation Effects on Theta Synchrony and Its Role in Adolescent Post-Error Control: A Computational Approach.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Individual Differences in Error-Related Brain Activity and Post-Error Slowing in Children.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Altered Error Monitoring and Decreased Flanker Task Accuracy in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Targeting neurobehavioral substrates of effortful control to reduce childhood anxiety: The Camp Kidpower study protocol.Research square · 2025Article
- Adolescent cognitive control processing is associated with anxiety in young adulthood during the COVID-19 pandemic.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- Maturational Changes in Action-Effect Integration Processes Are Reflected by Changes in the Directed Cortical Network Communication.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- A developmental neuroscience perspective on youth contributions and challenges in a changing society.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Variation in coupling across neural and cardiac systems of regulation is linked to markers of anxiety risk in preschool.Development and psychopathology · 2025Article
- Emotion Regulation Moderates the Prospective Association between ERN and Anxiety in Early Adolescence: An Age-Specific Moderation of Cognitive Reappraisal but not Expressive Suppression.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- Neural markers of error processing relate to task performance, but not to substance-related risks and problems and externalizing problems in adolescence and emerging adulthood.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Exploring the Association Between EEG Microstates During Resting-State and Error-Related Activity in Young Children.Brain topography · 2024Article
- Theta activity and cognitive functioning: Integrating evidence from resting-state and task-related developmental electroencephalography (EEG) research.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Anxiety Symptoms in Young Children Are Associated With a Maladaptive Neurobehavioral Profile of Error Responding.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2024Article
- The associations among sleep-related difficulties, anxiety, and error-related brain activity in youth.Biological psychology · 2024Article
- Brain response to errors in children who stutter.Journal of fluency disorders · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To realize our goals we continuously adapt our behavior according to internal or external feedback. Errors provide an important source for such feedback and elicit a scalp electrical potential referred to as the error-related negativity (ERN), which is a useful marker for studying typical and atypical development of cognitive control mechanisms involved in performance monitoring. In this review, we survey the available studies on age-related differences in the ERN in children and adolescents. The majority of the studies show that the ERN increases in strength throughout childhood and adolescence, suggesting continued maturation of the neural systems for performance monitoring, but there are still many unresolved questions. We further review recent research in adults that has provided important insights into the neural underpinnings of the ERN and performance monitoring, implicating distributed neural systems than include the dorsal anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, the lateral prefrontal cortex, insula, basal ganglia, thalamus and white matter connections between these regions. Finally, we discuss the possible roles of structural and functional maturation of these brain regions in the development of the ERN. Overall, we argue that future work should use multimodal approaches to give a better understanding of the neurocognitive development of performance monitoring.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.