ArticlePloS one2013
Variables involved in the discordance between HbA1c and fructosamine: the glycation gap revisited.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Associations of Hemoglobin Glycation Index with Glucose Variability and Time in Ranges in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Continuous Glucose Monitoring.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Deciphering the Association: Critical HDL-C Levels and Their Impact on the Glycation Gap in People Living with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A proposed model using glycation metrics and circulating biomarkers for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Trends in Quantification of HbA1c Using Electrochemical and Point-of-Care Analyzers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin as biomarkers of glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer (GlicoOnco study).Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- Alternative methods for assessing glycemia might prove useful in cases of discordance between glycated hemoglobin and self-monitoring of blood glucose.Acta diabetologica · 2020Article
- Correlation of Body Mass Index and Waist/Hip Ratio with Glycated Hemoglobin in Prediabetes.EJIFCC · 2019Article
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index with insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in non-diabetic individuals.PloS one · 2017Article
- Comprehensive biomarker testing of glycemia, insulin resistance, and beta cell function has greater sensitivity to detect diabetes risk than fasting glucose and HbA1c and is associated with improved glycemic control in clinical practice.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsGlycation gap (GG) is defined as the difference between the measured level of HbA1c and the level that would be predicted from its regression on the fructosamine level. The aims of the study were: 1) To determine the reproducibility and consistency of GC; 2) To discover factors related to GG value. Given that metformin might increase glucose transport through the erythrocyte membrane, this treatment was also considered in the analyses of the results.
methodsGG was calculated in two blood samples separated 30.6 (SD 7.3) weeks, obtained in 508 type 2 diabetic patients. The following variables were considered: HbA1c, fructosamine, glucose, creatinine, hematological parameters and treatment with metformin. Multivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the variables independently related to CG.
resultsGG was reproducible and consistent over time. Creatinine, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and glycemia (inverse relationship); and HbA1c and treatment with metformin (direct relationship) were independently related to GG. Patients treated with metformin showed higher HbA1c values, despite similar fructosamine concentrations, than patients not treated with the drug.
conclusionsGG is independently related to serum levels of creatinine, MCHC and treatment with metformin. The spurious effect of metformin on Hb glycation could have serious clinical implications and should be considered when interpreting the results of clinical trials.
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