ArticlePloS one2013
Tuberculosis recurrence after completion treatment in a European city: reinfection or relapse?
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of published literature describing factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence in people living with HIV in Africa.African health sciences · 2015Pooled it
- Tuberculosis preventive therapy in postpartum women with HIV modifiesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological analysis and risk factors of recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis in Western Zhejiang Province, China (2007-2024).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota and tuberculosis infection: interaction and therapeutic potential.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Time to reoccurrence of tuberculosis and its predictors among adult HIV/AIDS patients on ART at public hospitals in East and Horro Guduru Wollega zones, West Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Distinguishing new from persistent infections at the strain level using longitudinal genotyping data.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a short, all oral treatment regimen including bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and pyrazinamide named "Regimen C" for pre-XDR tuberculosis in Niger.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2025Article
- Metabolic and immune consequences of antibiotic related microbiome alterations during first-line tuberculosis treatment in Bamako, Mali.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- [HIV-pulmonary tuberculosis co-infection at the university clinics of Lubumbashi: epidemiological and clinical aspects].The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Timing of recurrence after treatment of pulmonary TB.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Important role of DNA methylation hints at significant potential in tuberculosis.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Diagnostic value of the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in discrimination between tuberculosis and bacterial community acquired pneumonia: AJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Review
- Biapenem, a Carbapenem Antibiotic, Elicits Mycobacteria Specific Immune Responses and Reduces the Recurrence of Tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Recurrence Rate of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients Treated with the Standard 6-Month Regimen: Findings and Implications from a Prospective Observational Multicenter Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis by bacteriological features of 100 million residents in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Recurrent tuberculosis in the Netherlands - a 24-year follow-up study, 1993 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Demographic and Clinical Determinants of Tuberculosis and TB Recurrence: A Double-Edged Retrospective Study from Pakistan.Journal of tropical medicine · 2022Article
- Risk factors associated with tuberculosis recurrence in South Korea determined using a nationwide cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- The absence of evidence of cure is not a risk for recurrent TB among patients treated for TB.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2021Article
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7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) recurrence can be due to reinfection or relapse. The contribution of each to TB incidence and the factors associated with recurrence are not well known. Effectiveness of TB control programs is assessed in part by recurrence rates. The aim of this study was to establish the recurrence rate of TB in Barcelona, the associated risk factors and the role of reinfection.
methodsA population-based retrospective longitudinal study was performed in Barcelona, Spain. TB patients with positive culture results who completed treatment between Jan 1(st), 2003 and Dec 31(st), 2006 were followed-up until December 31st, 2009 by the TB Control Program. The incidence rate of recurrence was calculated per person-year of follow-up (py). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods were used for the survival analysis by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
resultsOf the 1,823 TB cases identified, 971 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 13 (1.3%) had recurrent TB. The recurrence rate was 341 cases per 100,000 py, 13 times higher than the TB incidence of the general population. Likelihood of TB recurrence at the 1st, 3rd and 5th year of follow-up was 0.1%, 1.4% and 1.6%, respectively. Factors associated with recurrence were HIV infection (HR: 4.7, CI: 1.4-15.7), living in the inner city district (HR: 3.9, CI: 1.3-11.8) and history of TB treatment (HR: 5.2, CI: 1.7-16.2). Genotyping results of recurrent cases were available for 6 patients (3 reinfections and 3 relapses).
conclusionThe rate of TB recurrence in Barcelona is low and most episodes occur within the first three years. Patients at higher risk of recurrence are co-infected with HIV, living in neighborhoods with high TB incidence or with a history of TB treatment. When available, genotyping results help determine whether the recurrence is due to reinfection or relapse.
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