ArticleDepression and anxiety2014
The latent structure and comorbidity patterns of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder: a national study.
Article in Depression and anxiety, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the Use of Duloxetine in the High-dose Range (90 to 120 mg) in the Psychiatric Clinic for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.Journal of psychiatric practice · 2026Observational
- Do Internalizing Syndromes have Incremental Validity for External Criteria Above and Beyond Each Other?Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Impact of Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder on rTMS/iTBS Clinical Outcomes in Major Depression: A Multicenter Registry-Based Observational Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Disentangling comorbidity: symptom dimensions of internalizing and functional disorders in a large general population sample.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Correlates of Anxiety and Depression Among Youth in India: Findings from a Large-Scale Population-Based Cross-sectional Study.Journal of research in health sciences · 2026Article
- Latent classes of mental health disorders and their associations with polymorphisms of 5HTTLPR and BDNF in a Chilean primary care population.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with comorbid GAD and depression: Impact on mentalized affectivity and interpersonal problems.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Edge-centric connectome-genetic markers of bridging factor to comorbidity between depression and anxiety.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A Note on Ising Network Analysis with Missing Data.Psychometrika · 2024Article
- The relationship between the high-risk disordered eating and social network navigation among Saudi college females during the COVID pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder in a Chinese rural population: the Henan rural cohort study.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Article
- Depressive symptoms and web user experience.PeerJ · 2018Article
- Latent variable analysis of positive and negative valence processing focused on symptom and behavioral units of analysis in mood and anxiety disorders.Journal of affective disorders · 2017Article
- Reexamining associations between mania, depression, anxiety and substance use disorders: results from a prospective national cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2017Article
- Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample.Psychological medicine · 2016Article
- The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) Waves 1 and 2: review and summary of findings.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2015Review
- Risk factors for anxiety disorders: common and specific effects in a national sample.Depression and anxiety · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is controversy on whether generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) constitute the same or separate disorders. This study sought to examine the factor structure of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of GAD and MDD and the patterns of comorbidity associated with both disorders.
methodsData were drawn from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related conditions (NESARC), a representative sample of the adult general population in the United States (N = 43,093). Sociodemographic and psychiatric comorbidity correlates of GAD, MDD, and co-occurring GAD-MDD were obtained. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for GAD and MDD were conducted, followed by a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model to examine the invariance of the model across several sociodemographic covariates.
resultsA bifactor model with one general factor underlying all the MDD and GAD diagnostic criteria and another factor with large loadings only for the GAD criteria best represented the latent structure. This model showed excellent fit indices (CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.00, RMSEA < 0.02), and a high degree of invariance across sociodemographic covariates. The comorbidity patterns of individuals with MDD only (n = 4,885), GAD only (n = 947) and GAD-MDD (n = 810) were clearly distinguishable.
conclusionsThe latent structure of the diagnostic criteria of MDD and GAD and their comorbidity patterns suggests that GAD and MDD are closely related but different nosological entities, with distinct latent structures, clinical manifestations, and patterns of comorbidity.
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