ArticlePediatrics2013
"Eczema coxsackium" and unusual cutaneous findings in an enterovirus outbreak.
Article in Pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 252 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Eczema Molluscatum in a Patient With Atopic Dermatitis on Upadacitinib and Methotrexate.Cureus · 2026Article
- NK Cell Disfunction in Atopic Dermatitis: A Missing Link Between Type 2 Inflammation, Microbial Dysbiosis and Antiviral Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Skin and systemic infections in children with atopic dermatitis: review of the current evidence.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Eczema Coxsackium as an Atypical Presentation of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Pediatric Nail Disorders.Skin appendage disorders · 2024Review
- One-year-old Infant with Rash.Oman medical journal · 2024Article
- Atopic Dermatitis: Disease Background and Risk Factors.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- Arising Concerns of Atypical Manifestations in Patients with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Psoriasis coxsackium.JAAD case reports · 2022Article
- Narrative review on the management of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis in pediatric age of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP), of the Italian Society of Pediatric Dermatology (SIDerP) and of the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP).Italian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- [Viral exanthems in children].Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete · 2022Review
- Article
- Severe eczema flare and Coxsackie virus.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Enteroviral Infections in the First Three Months of Life.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The link between atopic dermatitis and asthma- immunological imbalance and beyond.Asthma research and practice · 2021Review
- A large-scale outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease, France, as at 28 September 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence and Virologic Surveillance of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A6, United Kingdom, 2006-2017.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Review
- A clinical scoring system for pediatric hand-foot-mouth disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Spatiotemporal characteristics and meteorological determinants of hand, foot and mouth disease in Shaanxi Province, China: a county-level analysis.BMC public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo characterize the atypical cutaneous presentations in the coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6)-associated North American enterovirus outbreak of 2011-2012.
methodsWe performed a retrospective case series of pediatric patients who presented with atypical cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) from July 2011 to June 2012 at 7 academic pediatric dermatology centers. Patients were included if they tested positive for CVA6 or if they met clinical criteria for atypical HFMD (an enanthem or exanthem characteristic of HFMD with unusual morphology or extent of cutaneous findings). We collected demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data including history of skin conditions, morphology and extent of exanthem, systemic symptoms, and diagnostic test results.
resultsEighty patients were included in this study (median age 1.5 years, range 4 months-16 years). Seventeen patients were CVA6-positive, and 63 met clinical inclusion criteria. Ninety-nine percent of patients exhibited a vesiculobullous and erosive eruption; 61% of patients had rash involving >10% body surface area. The exanthem had a perioral, extremity, and truncal distribution in addition to involving classic HFMD areas such as palms, soles, and buttocks. In 55% of patients, the eruption was accentuated in areas of eczematous dermatitis, termed "eczema coxsackium." Other morphologies included Gianotti-Crosti-like (37%), petechial/purpuric (17%) eruptions, and delayed onychomadesis and palm and sole desquamation. There were no patients with serious systemic complications.
conclusionsThe CVA6-associated enterovirus outbreak was responsible for an exanthem potentially more widespread, severe, and varied than classic HFMD that could be confused with bullous impetigo, eczema herpeticum, vasculitis, and primary immunobullous disease.
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