ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2013
TB-IRIS after initiation of antiretroviral therapy is associated with expansion of preexistent Th1 responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for increased immune reconstitution in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in tuberculosis HIV-infected, antiretroviral-naïve patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Vitamin D, D-dimer, Interferon γ, and sCD14 Levels are Independently Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Prospective, International Study.EBioMedicine · 2016Trial
- TB-IRIS, T-cell activation, and remodeling of the T-cell compartment in highly immunosuppressed HIV-infected patients with TB.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
- Talaromycosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome exhibits immune dysregulation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome-An Extempore Game of Misfiring with Defense Arsenals.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Phenotypic Profile ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral therapy timing impacts latent tuberculosis infection reactivation in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis/SIV coinfection model.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Immunopathogenesis in HIV-associated pediatric tuberculosis.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Systemic Inflammation Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- COVID-19 and HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Emergence of Pathogen-Specific Immune Responses Adding Fuel to the Fire.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Lung Injury on Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Tuberculosis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Is Associated with Aberrant T Cell Function and Increased Cytokine Responses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Differential expression of CXCR3 and CCR6 on CD4Scientific reports · 2019Observational
- An Exclusively Skewed Distribution of Pediatric Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Toward the Female Sex Is Associated With Advanced Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Article
- Characterization ofJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Confusion in the Study of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.Pathogens & immunity · 2017Article
- Immunological profiling of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and non-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome death in HIV-infected adults with pulmonary tuberculosis starting antiretroviral therapy: a prospective observational cohort study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2015Observational
- Immune reconstitution disorders in patients with HIV infection: from pathogenesis to prevention and treatment.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2014Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis, human immunodeficiency virus, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.Journal of postgraduate medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe role of T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is unclear.
methodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 45 HIV patients with treated TB, of whom 12 developed TB-IRIS, were collected at weeks 0, 2, and 6 of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 by T cells after stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD) or early secretory antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6) and T-cell expressions of CCR5 and CXCR3 were assessed by flow cytometry. IFN-γ and CXCL10 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsTB-IRIS patients had higher proportions of PPD- and ESAT-6-reactive IFN-γ⁺CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁻ T cells at weeks 0, 2, and 6. IFN-γ levels were also higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants at all times with PPD but only at weeks 2 and 6 with ESAT-6. There were few differences for interleukin-2. CXCL10 levels in supernatants after PPD and ESAT-6 stimulation were only higher at week 6. CXCR3⁺/CCR5⁺CD4⁺ T cells were higher at week 2, and CCR5⁺CD4⁺ T cells were higher at week 6.
conclusionsTB-IRIS is associated with Th1 responses against M. tuberculosis antigens by CD4⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁻ T cells that are present before ART and amplified afterward. It is unclear if these cause immunopathology or reflect a high pathogen load.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.