ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2013
Associations of urinary cadmium with age and urinary proteins: further evidence of physiological variations unrelated to metal accumulation and toxicity.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association Between Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cadmium Biomarkers in the US Population: NHANES 2015-2020.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- The Association of Cadmium Exposure and Anthropometrics in School-Age Children: A Longitudinal Study.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Increased risk of proximal tubular dysfunction due to occupational cadmium exposure: a survival analysis study.Journal of occupational health · 2025Article
- Review
- Cadmium and its inorganic compounds - Addendum: re-evaluation of the BLW: Assessment Values in Biological Material - Translation of the German version from 2025.The MAK collection for occupational health and safety · 2025Review
- Research into the Association of Cadmium and Manganese Excretion with Thyroid Function and Behavioral Areas in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Urinary Cadmium in Women from Northern Mexico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Comment on "Environmental Cadmium and Mortality from Influenza and Pneumonia in U.S. Adults".Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Low-Level Cadmium Exposure and Atherosclerosis.Current environmental health reports · 2021Review
- Review
- Article
- The association between cumulative cadmium intake and osteoporosis and risk of fracture in a Chinese population.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2019Article
- An interventional study of rice for reducing cadmium exposure in a Chinese industrial town.Environment international · 2019Article
- The references level of cadmium intake for renal dysfunction in a Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Cadmium exposure and early renal effects in the children and adults living in a tungsten-molybdenum mining areas of South China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- The physiological determinants of low-level urine cadmium: an assessment in a cross-sectional study among schoolchildren.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2017Article
- Cadmium and Alzheimer's disease mortality in U.S. adults: Updated evidence with a urinary biomarker and extended follow-up time.Environmental research · 2017Article
- Temporal variability of urinary cadmium in spot urine samples and first morning voids.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2017Article
- Exploring the Association Between Demographics, SLC30A8 Genotype, and Human Islet Content of Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Manganese and Nickel.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of cadmium in blood and urine among former and current smokers aged 20-64 and ≥ 65years.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2017Article
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9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe current risk assessment for environmental cadmium (Cd) largely relies on the assumption that urinary Cd (U-Cd) is a reliable biomarker of the Cd body burden. Recent studies have questioned the validity of this assumption.
objectivesWe studied the lifetime trend of U-Cd as a function of diuresis, gender, smoking status, and protein tubular reabsorption. We also analyzed the associations between U-Cd and urinary proteins.
methodsCd, retinol-binding protein, and albumin were measured in the urine of six cohorts of the general population of Belgium, with a mean age ranging from 5.7 to 88.1 years (n = 1,567). Variations of U-Cd with age were modeled using natural cubic splines.
resultsIn both genders, U-Cd decreased to a minimum (~ 0.20 μg/L) at the end of adolescence, then increased until 60-70 years of age (~ 0.60 μg/L in never-smokers) before leveling off or decreasing. When U-Cd was expressed in micrograms per gram of creatinine, these variations were amplified (minimum, 0.15 µg/g creatinine; maximum, 0.70 µg/g creatinine) and much higher U-Cd values were observed in women. We observed no difference in U-Cd levels between never-smokers and former smokers, and the difference with current smokers did not increase over time. Lifetime curves of U-Cd were higher with increasing urinary retinol-binding protein or albumin, a consequence of the coexcretion of Cd with proteins.
conclusionsAt low Cd exposure levels, U-Cd and age are associated through nonlinear and nonmonotonic relationships that appear to be driven mainly by recent Cd intake and physiological variations in the excretion of creatinine and proteins.
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