SynthesisInternational journal of obesity (2005)2014
The melanocortin-4 receptor as target for obesity treatment: a systematic review of emerging pharmacological therapeutic options.
Synthesis in International journal of obesity (2005), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on DNA methylation of obesity-related genes in mothers and their children.European journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist (Setmelanotide) in MC4R deficiency.Molecular metabolism · 2017Trial
- RM-493, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, increases resting energy expenditure in obese individuals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- The effect of melanocortin-4 receptor agonist drugs on obesity and metabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Antiobesity Pharmacotherapy for Patients With Genetic Obesity Due to Defects in the Leptin-Melanocortin Pathway.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- From Mother to Child: Epigenetic Signatures of Hyperglycemia and Obesity during Pregnancy.Nutrients · 2024Article
- MC4R Variants Modulate α-MSH and Setmelanotide Induced Cellular Signaling at Multiple Levels.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Dolutegravir-induced growth and lifespan effects in Caenorhabditis elegans.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2023Article
- Advances in Anti-obesity Pharmacotherapy: Current Treatments, Emerging Therapies, and Challenges.Cureus · 2023Review
- Genetics and epigenetics in the obesity phenotyping scenario.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- Neurotransmitters in Type 2 Diabetes and the Control of Systemic and Central Energy Balance.Metabolites · 2023Review
- MC4R biased signalling and the conformational basis of biological function selections.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Brain fractalkine-CX3CR1 signalling is anti-obesity system as anorexigenic and anti-inflammatory actions in diet-induced obese mice.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effect of bremelanotide on body weight of obese women: Data from two phase 1 randomized controlled trials.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Article
- Beyond appetite regulation: Targeting energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and lean mass preservation for sustainable weight loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Review
- The Obesogenic Environment: Epigenetic Modifications in Placental Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene Connected to Gestational Diabetes and Smoking.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Network dynamics of hypothalamic feeding neurons.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- The central melanocortin system and human obesity.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2020Review
- Structural Complexity and Plasticity of Signaling Regulation at the Melanocortin-4 Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Metabolomics Reveals the Alteration of Metabolic Pathway by Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity is currently responsible for ∼0.7-2.8% of a country's health costs worldwide. Treatment is often not effective because weight regulation is complex. Appetite and energy control are regulated in the brain. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) has a central role in this regulation. MC4R defects lead to a severe clinical phenotype with lack of satiety and early-onset severe obesity. Preclinical research has been carried out to understand the mechanism of MC4R regulation and possible effectors. The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature for emerging pharmacological obesity treatment options. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and Embase for articles published until June 2012. The search resulted in 664 papers matching the search terms, of which 15 papers remained after elimination, based on the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. In these 15 papers, different MC4R agonists were studied in vivo in animal and human studies. Almost all studies are in the preclinical phase. There are currently no effective clinical treatments for MC4R-deficient obese patients, although MC4R agonists are being developed and are entering phase I and II trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.