ReviewImmunological reviews2013
HIV-associated chronic immune activation.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 290 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine and Bromhexine: a Novel Regimen for COVID-19 Prophylaxis in Healthcare Professionals (ELEVATE Trial)
Interrelationships Among Inflammation, Physical Symptoms, Mental Symptoms and Quality of Life in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Physical Diseases.
Who cites it
290 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Rethinking secondary immunodeficiency: a cross-domain pathway framework for risk stratification.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of HPV/HIV co-infection on immunosuppression, HPV genotype, and cervical cancer biomarkers.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with classes of antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with antiretroviral therapy in women living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Dolutegravir restores gut microbiota in late-stage HIV-1 unlike darunavir: an open-label, randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Long-term effects on immunological, inflammatory markers, and HIV-1 reservoir after switching to a two-drug versus maintaining a three-drug regimen based on integrase inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Effects of pitavastatin on atherosclerotic-associated inflammatory biomarkers in people living with HIV with dyslipidemia and receiving ritonavir-boosted atazanavir: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Pre-infection plasma cytokines and chemokines as predictors of HIV disease progression.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity of personalized dendritic-cell therapy in HIV-1 infected individuals under suppressive antiretroviral treatment: interim analysis from a phase II clinical trial.AIDS research and therapy · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in HIV infection: a single-arm substudy of a phase 2/3 clinical trial.The lancet. HIV · 2021Trial
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immune response: Early results of a phase I/II clinical trial.Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Trial
- Pre-Digested Protein Enteral Nutritional Supplementation Enhances Recovery of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Obstetric Management and Outcomes for Women Living With HIV in Western Australia: A 30 Year Review.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
- Association of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Immune Activation in Virally Suppressed People Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Protein-dependent CD4iScience · 2026Article
- Dengue-specific T-cell memory following natural infection: a comparative analysis between people living with HIV and HIV-negative individuals.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Observational
- The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A tissue-intrinsic mechanism sensitizes HIV-1 particles for TLR-triggered innate immune responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
230 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic chronic immune activation is considered today as the driving force of CD4(+) T-cell depletion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A residual chronic immune activation persists even in HIV-infected patients in which viral replication is successfully inhibited by anti-retroviral therapy, with the extent of this residual immune activation being associated with CD4(+) T-cell loss. Unfortunately, the causal link between chronic immune activation and CD4(+) T-cell loss has not been formally established. This article provides first a brief historical overview on how the perception of the causative role of immune activation has changed over the years and lists the different kinds of immune activation characteristic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The mechanisms proposed to explain the chronic immune activation are multiple and are enumerated here, as well as the mechanisms proposed on how chronic immune activation could lead to AIDS. In addition, we summarize the lessons learned from natural hosts that know how to 'show AIDS the door', and discuss how these studies informed the design of novel immune modulatory interventions that are currently being tested. Finally, we review the current approaches aimed at targeting chronic immune activation and evoke future perspectives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.