ReviewImmunological reviews2013
CD4(+) T-cell depletion in HIV infection: mechanisms of immunological failure.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 336 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
336 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 565 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Current ART, determinants for virologic failure and implications for HIV drug resistance: an umbrella review.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Pooled it
- SBC Guideline on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Cardiomyopathy of Chagas Disease - 2023.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2023Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Estimate the Time from HIV Infection to Diagnosis for People with HIV.AIDS reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of treatment failure among children on ART in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical effects of adjunctive spleen- and kidney-invigorating Chinese herbal therapy combined with highly active antiretroviral treatment on immune recovery and nutritional status in people living with HIV.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2026Trial
- CCR5-edited CD4+ T cells augment HIV-specific immunity to enable post-rebound control of HIV replication.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- HAND in Africa: prevalence, diagnostic challenges and the search for objective markers.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and HIV-1 RT Inhibitory Activity of 1,3-Oxazolidine Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Changes in Inflammation-Related Methylation Risk Score for C-Reactive Protein Among People with HIV.Epigenomes · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Refining cytokine signatures: flow cytometry-based differentiation between TB infection and disease.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Individuals Living with HIV in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- HIV-driven virome dysbiosis unveils distinct virome features and inter-viral correlations in blood and respiratory niches.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint landscape in CD4⁺ T cells stratifies HIV-infected individuals by clinical progression.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Virus-immune signatures reveal distinct clinical phenotypes and predict prognosis in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- A review of the current anti-New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
276 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hallmark of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pathogenesis is a progressive depletion of CD4(+) T-cell populations in close association with progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections (OI). Disease progression in untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can take many years, and it was originally hypothesized to be a consequence of slow, viral-mediated CD4(+) T-cell destruction. However, massive CD4(+) memory T-cell destruction is now known to occur quite early in infection, almost always without overt immunodeficiency. In most individuals, this initial destruction is countered by CD4(+) memory T-cell regeneration that preserves CD4(+) T-cell numbers and functions above the threshold associated with overt immunodeficiency. This regeneration, which occurs in the setting of chronic immune activation and immune dysregulation does not, however, restore all functionally important CD4(+) T-cell populations and is not stable over the long term. Ultimately, CD4(+) memory T-cell homeostasis fails and critical effector populations decline below the level necessary to prevent OI. Thus, the onset of overt immune deficiency appears to be intimately linked with CD4(+) memory T-cell dynamics and reflects the complex interplay of direct viral cytopathogenicity and the indirect effects of persistent immune activation on CD4(+) memory T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.