ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2013
Dietary soy effects on mammary gland development during the pubertal transition in nonhuman primates.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Adolescent endogenous sex hormones and breast density in early adulthood.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2015Trial
- Nutrition Intervention and Microbiome Modulation in the Management of Breast Cancer.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Biology and postnatal development of organ systems of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).Journal of medical primatology · 2023Review
- Spontaneous expression of the gene ofVeterinary world · 2022Article
- Nonhuman primate model in mammary gland biology and neoplasia research.Laboratory animal research · 2021Review
- International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate (Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2021Review
- Puberty is a critical window for the impact of diet on mammary gland development in the rabbit.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2019Article
- Mammosphere Culture of Mammary Cells from Cynomolgus Macaques (Comparative medicine · 2019Article
- GC-MS Analysis and Inhibitory Evaluation ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
- Consumption of Mediterranean versus Western Diet Leads to Distinct Mammary Gland Microbiome Populations.Cell reports · 2018Article
- Effects of isoflavones on breast tissue and the thyroid hormone system in humans: a comprehensive safety evaluation.Archives of toxicology · 2018Review
- Effects of Pubertal Exposure to Dietary Soy on Estrogen Receptor Activity in the Breast of Cynomolgus Macaques.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Article
- Effect of soy isoflavones on the growth of human breast tumors: findings from preclinical studies.Food science & nutrition · 2014Article
- Vegetable protein and vegetable fat intakes in pre-adolescent and adolescent girls, and risk for benign breast disease in young women.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
While epidemiologic studies suggest that soy intake early in life may reduce breast cancer risk, there are also concerns that exposure to soy isoflavones during childhood may alter pubertal development and hormonal profiles. Here, we assessed the effect of a high-soy diet on pubertal breast development, sex hormones, and growth in a nonhuman primate model. Pubertal female cynomolgus monkeys were randomized to receive a diet modeled on a typical North American diet with one of two protein sources for approximately 4.5 years: (i) casein/lactalbumin (CL, n = 12, as control) or (ii) soy protein isolate with a human equivalent dose of 120 mg/d isoflavones (SOY, n = 17), which is comparable to approximately four servings of soy foods. Pubertal exposure to the SOY diet did not alter onset of menarche, indicators of growth and pubertal progression, or circulating estradiol and progesterone concentrations. Greater endometrial area was seen in the SOY group on the first of four postmenarchal ultrasound measurements (P < 0.05). There was a subtle effect of diet on breast differentiation whereby the SOY group showed higher numbers of differentiated large-sized lobular units and a lower proportion with immature ducts following menarche (P < 0.05). Numbers of small lobules and terminal end buds and mammary epithelial cell proliferation did not differ by diet. Expression of progesterone receptor was lower in immature lobules of soy-fed animals (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that consumption of soy starting before menarche may result in modest effects consistent with a more differentiated breast phenotype in adulthood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.