Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23770311›Full record

ReviewRespiratory physiology & neurobiology2013

Central and peripheral factors contributing to obstructive sleep apneas.

Jan-Marino Ramirez, Alfredo J Garcia, Tatiana M Anderson, Jenna E Koschnitzky, Ying-Jie Peng, Ganesh K Kumar, Nanduri R Prabhakar

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. KalinixSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Divergent ventilatory responses during opioid-induced respiratory depression in response to repeated fentanyl use.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jan-Marino RamirezCenter for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: nino1@uw.edu.
Alfredo J Garcia
Tatiana M Anderson
Jenna E Koschnitzky
Ying-Jie Peng
Ganesh K Kumar
Nanduri R Prabhakar
University of Chicago · USUniversity of Washington · USNeurological Surgery · US

Funding

Integrative Consequences of HypoxiaP01HL090554 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI PRABHAKAR, NANDURI R · 2008 to 2017
$21.4M
Mechanisms underlying neuromodulation-induced breathing instabilityR01HL107084 · NHLBI · SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI RAMIREZ, JAN M. · 2011 to 2014
$2.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL090554NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL107084
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Apnea, the cessation of breathing, is a common physiological and pathophysiological phenomenon. Among the different forms of apnea, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is clinically the most prominent manifestation. OSA is characterized by repetitive airway occlusions that are typically associated with peripheral airway obstructions. However, it would be an oversimplification to conclude that OSA is caused by peripheral obstructions. OSA is the result of a dynamic interplay between chemo- and mechanosensory reflexes, neuromodulation, behavioral state and the differential activation of the central respiratory network and its motor outputs. This interplay has numerous neuronal and cardiovascular consequences that are initially adaptive but in the long-term become major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Not only OSA, but also central apneas (CA) have multiple, and partly overlapping mechanisms. In OSA and CA the underlying mechanisms are neither "exclusively peripheral" nor "exclusively central" in origin. This review discusses the complex interplay of peripheral and central nervous components that characterizes the cessation of breathing.

Indexed as

ArousalHumansHypoglossal NerveNerve NetPhrenic NervePolysomnographyRespiratory MechanicsRisk FactorsSleep Apnea, ObstructiveAirwayPreBotzinger complexRespirationSleep Apnea

Identifiers

PMID23770311
PMCPMC3901437
OpenAlexW2078283375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.