ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2013
Influence of reinforcer magnitude and nicotine amount on smoking's acute reinforcement enhancing effects.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Effects of Nicotine on Non-Drug-Related Reward in Smokers and Non-Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Article
- Individual variations in motives for nicotine self-administration in male rats: evidence in support for a precision psychopharmacology.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Elucidating the reinforcing effects of nicotine: a tribute to Nadia Chaudhri.Psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Reinforcement enhancement by nicotine: A novel abuse-liability assessment of e-cigarettes in young adults.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine Via Patch and Nasal Spray.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Tobacco smoking may delay habituation of reinforcer effectiveness in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Assessment of nicotine withdrawal-induced changes in sucrose preference in mice.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2017Article
- Does Tobacco Abstinence Decrease Reward Sensitivity? A Human Laboratory Test.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- Nicotine Acutely Enhances Reinforcement from Non-Drug Rewards in Humans.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Nicotine self-administration research: the legacy of Steven R. Goldberg and implications for regulation, health policy, and research.Psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Potential sex differences in the pattern of sensory reinforcers enhanced by nicotine.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Reinforcement enhancing effects of acute nicotine via electronic cigarettes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Expectancies for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapies among e-cigarette users (aka vapers).Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Article
- Behavioral mechanisms underlying nicotine reinforcement.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2015Review
- Sensory reinforcement-enhancing effects of nicotine via smoking.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The incentive amplifying effects of nicotine are reduced by selective and non-selective dopamine antagonists in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNicotine's acute effects on enhancing reinforcement from sensory rewards, shown in animal models, appear to occur with smoking in humans. These effects may vary due to reinforcer magnitude and amount of acute smoke intake (dose).
methodsIn a fully within-subjects design, dependent smokers (n=23) participated in 3 sessions. Each session followed overnight abstinence and involved 4 trials to assess responding via progressive ratio (PR 50%) for sensory reinforcement from high, moderate, or low preference music, or no reward (counter-balanced, 30-s/reinforcer). Sessions differed in smoking prior to each trial: 8 puffs on arrival and 2 puffs/trial ("8+2″), 2 puffs/trial only ("0+2″), or no smoking. Puffs were consumed via CReSS (Clinical Research Support System) to control topography, and smoking involved own brand to ensure palatability and increase generalizability of results.
resultsReinforced responding was influenced by main effects of smoking condition (p<.05) and music reward type (p<.001). Compared to no smoking, responding for music was increased after smoking 8+2/trial puffs (p<.005), but not after 0+2/trial puffs. Smoking condition significantly increased reinforced responding only for the high preference music (p=.01), and not for moderate or low preference music, or for no reward. Withdrawal did not differ between the two smoking sessions, ruling out withdrawal relief as an explanation for differential reinforcement enhancement.
conclusionsOur findings confirm that just one cigarette after abstinence is sufficient for reinforcement enhancing effects and suggest that such enhancement is greater as magnitude of a reward's reinforcing efficacy increases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.