ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2013
Root effect hemoglobin may have evolved to enhance general tissue oxygen delivery.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of air breathing in exhaustive exercise recovery in Atlantic tarpon (Conservation physiology · 2025Article
- The physiological significance of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase in the respiratory systems of fishes.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2024Review
- Developing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) lose branchial plasma accessible carbonic anhydrase expression with hatch and the transition to pH-sensitive, adult hemoglobin polymorphs.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2024Article
- Multimodal nanoimmunotherapy engages neutrophils to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus infections.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
- Effects of Freshwater Acidification on the Gut Microbial Community ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of enhanced cardiorespiratory performance under hyperoxia differ with exposure duration in yellowtail kingfish.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Tumor microenvironment reprogramming by nanomedicine to enhance the effect of tumor immunotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024Review
- An investigation of gill and blood carbonic anhydrase characteristics in three basal actinopterygian species: alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and Senegal bichir (Polypterus senegalus).Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2024Article
- Vitamin C derivative/AA2P promotes erythroid differentiation by upregulatingLife medicine · 2023Article
- A novel perspective on the evolutionary loss of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase at the teleost gill.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- A Review of Single-Cell Microrobots: Classification, Driving Methods and Applications.Micromachines · 2023Review
- An atlas of plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase availability in the model teleost, the rainbow trout.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2023Article
- Rapid physiological and transcriptomic changes associated with oxygen delivery in larval anemonefish suggest a role in adaptation to life on hypoxic coral reefs.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Elevated Water COBiomolecules · 2023Article
- Recent Advances in Supramolecular-Macrocycle-Based Nanomaterials in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Carbonic anhydrase versatility: from pH regulation to COFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Article
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors from Marine Natural Products.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Rapid evolution fuels transcriptional plasticity to ocean acidification.Global change biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Immunological characterization of two types of ionocytes in the inner ear epithelium of Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus).Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Root effect is a pH-dependent reduction in hemoglobin-O2 carrying capacity. Specific to ray-finned fishes, the Root effect has been ascribed specialized roles in retinal oxygenation and swimbladder inflation. We report that when rainbow trout are exposed to elevated water carbon dioxide (CO2), red muscle partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) increases by 65%--evidence that Root hemoglobins enhance general tissue O2 delivery during acidotic stress. Inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the plasma abolished this effect. We argue that CA activity in muscle capillaries short-circuits red blood cell (RBC) pH regulation. This acidifies RBCs, unloads O2 from hemoglobin, and elevates tissue PO2, which could double O2 delivery with no change in perfusion. This previously undescribed mechanism to enhance O2 delivery during stress may represent the incipient function of Root hemoglobins in fishes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.