ArticleBMC cancer2013
Detection of cancer before distant metastasis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Role of circulating tumor cell clusters in breast cancer.Translational breast cancer research : a journal focusing on translational research in breast cancer · 2026Review
- MicroRNA-1303 in cancer pathogenesis and therapy: clinical implications for biomarker development and targeted treatment strategies.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Flow-based immunomagnetic enrichment of circulating tumor cells from diagnostic leukapheresis product.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Numerical Assessment of the Efficiency of a New Minimally Invasive Probe for the Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells.International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Tumor cell-based liquid biopsy using high-throughput microfluidic enrichment of entire leukapheresis product.Nature communications · 2025Article
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- Survival in Thyroid Cancer in Sweden From 1999 To 2018.Clinical epidemiology · 2024Article
- Intermetastatic and Intrametastatic Heterogeneity Shapes Adaptive Therapy Cycling Dynamics.Cancer research · 2023Article
- Significance of circulating tumor cells in lung cancer: a narrative review.Translational lung cancer research · 2023Review
- Isolation of circulating tumor cells.iScience · 2022Review
- Practical identifiability analysis of a mechanistic model for the time to distant metastatic relapse and its application to renal cell carcinoma.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Liquid Biopsy: A Distinctive Approach to the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Cancer.Cancer informatics · 2022Review
- Circulating tumor cell enumeration for improved screening and disease detection of patients with colorectal cancer.Biomedical journal · 2021Article
- An inverse stage-shift model to estimate the excess mortality and health economic impact of delayed access to cancer services due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology · 2021Article
- Article
- Magnetic Particles for CTC Enrichment.Cancers · 2020Review
- In Vivo Detection of CTC and CTC Plakoglobin Status Helps Predict Prognosis in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Expression and function of epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM: where are we after 40 years?Cancer metastasis reviews · 2020Review
- Article
- Possible role of circulating tumor cells in early detection of lung cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo establish a distant metastasis (DM) cells must disseminate from the primary tumor and overcome a series of obstacles, the metastatic cascade. In this study we develop a mathematical model for this cascade to estimate the tumor size and the circulating tumor cell (CTC) load before the first metastasis has formed from a primary breast cancer tumor.
methodsThe metastatic cascade is described in discrete steps: 1. local tumor growth; 2. dissemination into circulation; 3. survival in circulation; 4. extravasation into tissue; and 5. growth into a metastasis. The model was built using data and relationships described in the literature to predict the relationship between tumor size and probability of distant metastasis for 38715 patients with surgically removed TXNXM0 primary breast cancer from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The model was calibrated using primary tumor size, probability of distant metastasis and time to distant metastasis for 1489 patients with stage T1BNXM0 (25% of total patients with T1BNXM0). Validation of the model was done with data for all patients.
resultsFrom the time to distant metastasis of these 38715 breast cancer patients, we determined a tumor doubling time of 1.7 ± 0.9 months. Fitting the data for 25% of T1B patients estimates a metastatic efficiency of 1 metastasis formed per 60 million disseminated tumor cells. Validation of the model to data of patients in all T-stages shows good agreement between model and epidemiological data. To reduce the 5-year risk of distant metastasis for TXNXM0 from 9.2% to 1.0%, the primary tumor needs to be detected and removed before it reaches a diameter of 2.7 ± 1.6 mm. At this size, the model predicts that there will be 9 ± 6 CTC/L blood.
conclusionsTo reduce the rate of distant metastasis in surgically treated TXNXM0 breast cancer to 1%, imaging technology will need to be able to detect lesions of 2.7 mm in diameter or smaller. Before CTC detection can be applied in the early disease setting, sensitivity will need to be improved by at least 15-fold and combined with technology that minimizes false positives.
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