ArticlePloS one2013
Development of a robust method for isolation of shiga toxin-positive Escherichia coli (STEC) from fecal, plant, soil and water samples from a leafy greens production region in California.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Microbial Food Safety Assessment of Organic Food and Feed: Notifications in the EU RASFF during 2020-2022. A Systematic Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Use of GbAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Water and food contamination withJournal of water and health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Food Hygiene Among Food Business Operators in Attica, Greece.Cureus · 2026Article
- Valid and accepted novel bacterial taxa isolated from domestic companion and agricultural animals described in 2024.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Using PathogenicFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep faecal samples: bacteriological findings.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Methodological differences between studies confound one-size-fits-all approaches to managing surface waterways for food and water safety.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Shiga Toxin-ProducingMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Complete genome analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-ProducingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producingEpidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-ResistantInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Clonal Diversity of over 1,200 Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Collected from Public Access Waters near Produce Production Areas on the Central California Coast during 2011 to 2016.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Seasonality, shelf life and storage atmosphere are main drivers of the microbiome and E. coli O157:H7 colonization of post-harvest lettuce cultivated in a major production area in California.Environmental microbiome · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During a 2.5-year survey of 33 farms and ranches in a major leafy greens production region in California, 13,650 produce, soil, livestock, wildlife, and water samples were tested for Shiga toxin (stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Overall, 357 and 1,912 samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7 (2.6%) or non-O157 STEC (14.0%), respectively. Isolates differentiated by O-typing ELISA and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) resulted in 697 O157:H7 and 3,256 non-O157 STEC isolates saved for further analysis. Cattle (7.1%), feral swine (4.7%), sediment (4.4%), and water (3.3%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7; 7/32 birds, 2/145 coyotes, 3/88 samples from elk also were positive. Non-O157 STEC were at approximately 5-fold higher incidence compared to O157 STEC: cattle (37.9%), feral swine (21.4%), birds (2.4%), small mammals (3.5%), deer or elk (8.3%), water (14.0%), sediment (12.3%), produce (0.3%) and soil adjacent to produce (0.6%). stx1, stx2 and stx1/stx2 genes were detected in 63%, 74% and 35% of STEC isolates, respectively. Subtilase, intimin and hemolysin genes were present in 28%, 25% and 79% of non-O157 STEC, respectively; 23% were of the "Top 6″ O-types. The initial method was modified twice during the study revealing evidence of culture bias based on differences in virulence and O-antigen profiles. MLVA typing revealed a diverse collection of O157 and non-O157 STEC strains isolated from multiple locations and sources and O157 STEC strains matching outbreak strains. These results emphasize the importance of multiple approaches for isolation of non-O157 STEC, that livestock and wildlife are common sources of potentially virulent STEC, and evidence of STEC persistence and movement in a leafy greens production environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.