ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2013
Immune vulnerability of infants to tuberculosis.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine VPM1002 in HIV-Unexposed Newborn Infants in South Africa.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Trial
- Maturation of innate responses to mycobacteria over the first nine months of life.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- The Paediatric BCG Vaccine Century: From Historical Success to Future Innovations.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Outside a Specialized TB Center: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Pathways, and Factors Associated with Microbiological Confirmation in a Romanian Tertiary Hospital.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- An unusual presentation of miliary tuberculosis with medullary nephrocalcinosis in an infant.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis: Unraveling Immunity, Clinical Complexities, and Resource-Driven Disparities in the Pursuit of Prevention.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Defective IL-17 production is associated with reduced IL-1β levels in response toFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct clinical outcomes in pediatric tuberculosis: A study utilizing infant macaques exposed to aerosoliScience · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis-associated respiratory impairment and disability in children and adolescents: a systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Prospective Exploratory Evaluation of Cepheid Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Response Cartridge: A Focus on Adolescents and Young Adults.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Popularity of HIV self-tests may say more about the state of our primary care system than about the device itself.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2024Article
- Cavitary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an Infant.Cureus · 2024Article
- Identification of Differential Circular RNA Expression Profiles and Functional Networks in Human Macrophages Induced by Virulent and AvirulentInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Automated quantitative assay of fibrosis characteristics in tuberculosis granulomas.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Maternal HIV infection drives altered placentalFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Review of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Aftermath of COVID-19.Clinics and practice · 2022Review
- Multiple tuberculomas and cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis in an infant.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis Exposure from a Healthcare Worker to Patients in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2022Article
- Reduced thyroxine production in young household contacts of tuberculosis patients increases active tuberculosis disease risk.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Fatal SARS-CoV-2 andBMJ case reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
One of the challenges faced by the infant immune system is learning to distinguish the myriad of foreign but nonthreatening antigens encountered from those expressed by true pathogens. This balance is reflected in the diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines by both innate and adaptive immune cells in the infant. A downside of this bias is that several factors critical for controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are significantly restricted in infants, including TNF, IL-1, and IL-12. Furthermore, infant T cells are inherently less capable of differentiating into IFN- γ -producing T cells. As a result, infected infants are 5-10 times more likely than adults to develop active tuberculosis (TB) and have higher rates of severe disseminated disease, including miliary TB and meningitis. Infant TB is a fundamentally different disease than TB in immune competent adults. Immunotherapeutics, therefore, should be specifically evaluated in infants before they are routinely employed to treat TB in this age group. Modalities aimed at reducing inflammation, which may be beneficial for adjunctive therapy of some forms of TB in older children and adults, may be of no benefit or even harmful in infants who manifest much less inflammatory disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.