ReviewJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2013
Prevention of influenza at Hajj: applications for mass gatherings.
Review in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2016Pooled it
- A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Facemask against viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: A challenging cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- A cluster-randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of facemasks in preventing respiratory viral infection among Hajj pilgrims.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2015Trial
- Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013.Virologica Sinica · 2014Trial
- Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pilgrims with Infectious Diseases during Hajj: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pilot Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Hajj Deployed Health Care Workers on Antibiotics and Antibiotic Prescriptions for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Results from Two Hajj Seasons.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- Respiratory viruses in returning Hajj & Umrah pilgrims with acute respiratory illness in 2014-2015.The Indian journal of medical research · 2018Article
- No MERS-CoV but positive influenza viruses in returning Hajj pilgrims, China, 2013-2015.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Complication Patterns of Influenza A (H1N1 Virus) in Northern Saudi Arabia.Infectious disease reports · 2017Article
- Hajj-associated infections.Medecine et maladies infectieuses · 2016Review
- Pilot use of a novel smartphone application to track traveller health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during a mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2016Article
- Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium.Oral diseases · 2016Review
- Mismatching between circulating strains and vaccine strains of influenza: Effect on Hajj pilgrims from both hemispheres.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2016Article
- The prevalence and preventive measures of the respiratory illness among Malaysian pilgrims in 2013 Hajj season.Journal of travel medicine · 2016Article
- Effect of Influenza Vaccination on Acute Respiratory Symptoms in Malaysian Hajj Pilgrims.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2015Article
- No evidence of MERS-CoV in Ghanaian Hajj pilgrims: cautious interpretation is needed.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2015Article
- Mass gathering and globalization of respiratory pathogens during the 2013 Hajj.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2015Article
- Midichlorians--the biomeme hypothesis: is there a microbial component to religious rituals?Biology direct · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Outbreaks of infectious diseases that spread via respiratory route, e.g. influenza, are common amongst Hajj congregation in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian authority successfully organized the Hajj 2009 amidst fear of pandemic influenza. While severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was rare, the true burden of pandemic influenza at Hajj that year remains speculative. In this article we review the latest evidence on influenza control and discuss our experience of influenza and its prevention at Hajj and possible application to other mass gatherings. Depending on study design the attack rate of seasonal influenza at Hajj has ranged from 6% in polymerase chain reaction or culture confirmed studies to 38% in serological surveillance. No significant effect of influenza vaccine or the use of personal protective measures against influenza has been established from observational studies, although the uptake of the vaccine and adherence to face masks and hand hygiene has been low. In all, there is a relatively poor evidence base for control of influenza. Until better evidence is obtained, vaccination coupled with rapid antiviral treatment of symptomatic individuals remains the mainstay of prevention at Hajj and other mass gatherings. Hajj pilgrimage provides a unique opportunity to test the effectiveness of various preventive measures that require a large sample size, such as testing the efficacy of plain surgical masks against laboratory-confirmed influenza. After successful completion of a pilot trial conducted among Australian pilgrims at the 2011 Hajj, a large multinational cluster randomized controlled trial is being planned. This will require effective international collaboration.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.