ArticleThe Journal of general virology2013
Vaccinia virus protein N2 is a nuclear IRF3 inhibitor that promotes virulence.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Vaccinia Virus-A Swiss Army Knife Against Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Orf132: a critical gene for LSDV replication and its role in Er stress-related apoptosis.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Review
- Temporal expression classes and functions of vaccinia virus and mpox (monkeypox) virus genes.mBio · 2025Review
- The nuclear localization signal of monkeypox virus protein P2 orthologue is critical for inhibition of IRF3-mediated innate immunity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The monkeypox virus-host interplays.Cell insight · 2024Review
- Evolutionary trajectory and characteristics of Mpox virus in 2023 based on a large-scale genomic surveillance in Shenzhen, China.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A new MVA ancestor-derived oncolytic vaccinia virus induces immunogenic tumor cell death and robust antitumor immune responses.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- Transcriptome Changes in Glioma Cells upon Infection with the Oncolytic Virus VV-GMCSF-Lact.Cells · 2023Article
- Review
- Comparative genomics and integrated system biology approach unveiled undirected phylogeny patterns, mutational hotspots, functional patterns, and molecule repurposing for monkeypox virus.Functional & integrative genomics · 2023Article
- NOG1 downregulates type I interferon production by targeting phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Improving poxvirus-mediated antitumor immune responses by deleting viral cGAMP-specific nuclease.Cancer gene therapy · 2023Article
- Vaccinia E5 is a major inhibitor of the DNA sensor cGAS.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus and cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Dysregulation of Cellular VRK1, BAF, and Innate Immune Signaling by the Vaccinia Virus B12 Pseudokinase.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- The actin nucleator Spir-1 is a virus restriction factor that promotes innate immune signalling.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Small Hero with Great Powers: Vaccinia Virus E3 Protein and Evasion of the Type I IFN Response.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Molecular mimicry of NF-κB by vaccinia virus protein enables selective inhibition of antiviral responses.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) expresses many proteins that are non-essential for virus replication but promote virulence by inhibiting components of the host immune response to infection. These immunomodulators include a family of proteins that have, or are predicted to have, a structure related to the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 protein. Five members of the VACV Bcl-2 family (N1, B14, A52, F1 and K7) have had their crystal structure solved, others have been characterized and a function assigned (C6, A46), and others are predicted to be Bcl-2 proteins but are uncharacterized hitherto (N2, B22, C1). Data presented here show that N2 is a nuclear protein that is expressed early during infection and inhibits the activation of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3. Consistent with its nuclear localization, N2 inhibits IRF3 downstream of the TANK-binding kinase (TBK)-1 and after IRF3 translocation into the nucleus. A mutant VACV strain Western Reserve lacking the N2L gene (vΔN2) showed normal replication and spread in cultured cells compared to wild-type parental (vN2) and revertant (vN2-rev) viruses, but was attenuated in two murine models of infection. After intranasal infection, the vΔN2 mutant induced lower weight loss and signs of illness, and virus was cleared more rapidly from the infected tissue. In the intradermal model of infection, vΔN2 induced smaller lesions that were resolved more rapidly. In summary, the N2 protein is an intracellular virulence factor that inhibits IRF3 activity in the nucleus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.