ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2013
Large-scale analysis of the prevalence and geographic distribution of HIV-1 non-B variants in the United States.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and genomic characterization of a diverse HIV-1 variant reference panel for nucleic acid-based testing.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 subtype diversity trends in a Northern California cohort.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of a new human immunodeficiency virus antigen and antibody test using light-initiated chemiluminescent assay.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- High HIV diversity, recombination, and superinfection revealed in a large outbreak among persons who inject drugs in Kentucky and Ohio, USA.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Identification and Implications of HIV-1 CRF01_AE Subtype in Hawai'i.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance Assay Using Ion Torrent Next Generation Sequencing and On-Instrument End-to-End Analysis Software.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Identification, Genetic Characterization and Validation of Highly Diverse HIV-1 Viruses for Reference Panel Development.Viruses · 2021Article
- Non-B variants of HIV-1 in San Francisco, California.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Residual immune activation in HIV-Infected individuals expands monocytic-myeloid derived suppressor cells.Cellular immunology · 2021Article
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in immigrant population in northern Italy.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?Viruses · 2019Review
- Diversity and characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in the United States, 2008-2016.Annals of epidemiology · 2019Article
- National and International Dimensions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Sequence Clusters in a Northern California Clinical Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Early Presence of HIV-1 Subtype C in Washington, D.C.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
- Universal Target Capture of HIV Sequences From NGS Libraries.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Human Genomic Loci Important in Common Infectious Diseases: Role of High-Throughput Sequencing and Genome-Wide Association Studies.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2018Review
- HIV-1 Gp120 clade B/C induces a GRP78 driven cytoprotective mechanism in astrocytoma.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Characterization of HIV diversity, phylodynamics and drug resistance in Washington, DC.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has significant implications for diagnosis, vaccine development, and clinical management of patients. Although HIV-1 subtype B is predominant in the United States, factors such as global travel, immigration, and military deployment have the potential to increase the proportion of non-subtype B infections. Limited data are available on the prevalence and distribution of non-B HIV-1 strains in the United States. We sought to retrospectively examine the prevalence, geographic distribution, diversity, and temporal trends of HIV-1 non-B infections in samples obtained by ARUP Laboratories, a national reference laboratory, from all regions of the United States. HIV-1 pol sequences from 24,386 specimens collected from 46 states between 2004 and September 2011 for drug resistance genotyping were analyzed using the REGA HIV-1 Subtyping Tool, version 2.0. Sequences refractory to subtype determination or reported as non-subtype B by this tool were analyzed by PHYLIP version 3.5 and Simplot version 3.5.1. Non-subtype B strains accounted for 3.27% (798/24,386) of specimens. The 798 non-B specimens were received from 37 states and included 5 subtypes, 23 different circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and 39 unique recombinant forms (URFs). The non-subtype B prevalence varied from 0% in 2004 (0/54) to 4.12% in 2011 (201/4,884). This large-scale analysis reveals that the diversity of HIV-1 in the United States is high, with multiple subtypes, CRFs, and URFs circulating. Moreover, the geographic distribution of non-B variants is widespread. Data from HIV-1 drug resistance testing have the potential to significantly enhance the surveillance of HIV-1 variants in the United States.
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