ArticleDiabetes2013
Contraction and AICAR stimulate IL-6 vesicle depletion from skeletal muscle fibers in vivo.
Article in Diabetes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-6 Activity is Required for Maximal Catecholamine Release During High-Intensity Exercise in Men.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of Interleukin-6 in the Pathophysiology of Skeletal Muscle: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Therapeutic Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Enviromimetics: From exercise mimetics to cognitomimetics in the quest for enhanced brain health and cognition.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Exercise-specific post-translational modification signatures: unveiling precise regulatory mechanisms of molecular exercise language and cellular adaptation.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Can exercise benefits be harnessed with drugs? A new way to combat neurodegenerative diseases by boosting neurogenesis.Translational neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Molecular origin and biological effects of exercise mimetics.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2024Review
- Article
- The Acute Cytokine Response to 30-Minute Exercise Bouts Before and After 8-Week Endurance Training in Individuals With Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- IL-6 signaling in acute exercise and chronic training: Potential consequences for health and athletic performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2023Review
- Single-cell dissection of the obesity-exercise axis in adipose-muscle tissues implies a critical role for mesenchymal stem cells.Cell metabolism · 2022Article
- Studies in Rats of Combined Muscle and Liver Perfusion and of Muscle Extract Indicate That Contractions Release a Muscle Hormone Directly Enhancing Hepatic Glycogenolysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Ergogenic effects of caffeine are mediated by myokines.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Review
- Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2021Review
- Potential Roles of Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Remodeling Cellular Microenvironment: Proposed Implications of the Exercise-Induced Myokine, Irisin.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Interactions between Muscle and Bone-Where Physics Meets Biology.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue metabolism immediately after high- and moderate-intensity exercises.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2020Article
- Role of p110a subunit of PI3-kinase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism.Nature communications · 2019Article
- AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2018Review
- Exosomes as Mediators of the Systemic Adaptations to Endurance Exercise.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is released from contracting skeletal muscles; however, the cellular origin, secretion kinetics, and signaling mechanisms regulating IL-6 secretion are unknown. To address these questions, we developed imaging methodology to study IL-6 in fixed mouse muscle fibers and in live animals in vivo. Using confocal imaging to visualize endogenous IL-6 protein in fixed muscle fibers, we found IL-6 in small vesicle structures distributed throughout the fibers under basal (resting) conditions. To determine the kinetics of IL-6 secretion, intact quadriceps muscles were transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged IL-6 (IL-6-EGFP), and 5 days later anesthetized mice were imaged before and after muscle contractions in situ. Contractions decreased IL-6-EGFP-containing vesicles and protein by 62% (P < 0.05), occurring rapidly and progressively over 25 min of contraction. However, contraction-mediated IL-6-EGFP reduction was normal in muscle-specific AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2-inactive transgenic mice. In contrast, the AMPK activator AICAR decreased IL-6-EGFP vesicles, an effect that was inhibited in the transgenic mice. In conclusion, resting skeletal muscles contain IL-6-positive vesicles that are expressed throughout myofibers. Contractions stimulate the rapid reduction of IL-6 in myofibers, occurring through an AMPKα2-independent mechanism. This novel imaging methodology clearly establishes IL-6 as a contraction-stimulated myokine and can be used to characterize the secretion kinetics of other putative myokines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.