ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2014
Stimulants and the lung : review of literature.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of opioids and stimulants on the respiratory system.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- From dust till dawn: patterns, motives, and risks of using smokable synthetic cathinones.Harm reduction journal · 2026Observational
- Pulmonary Complications of Substance Abuse: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies.Addiction & health · 2025Review
- HIV and Drug Use: A Tale of Synergy in Pulmonary Vascular Disease Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2023Article
- The association between dual use of electronic nicotine products and illicit drugs with adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes in a longitudinal analysis using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Causes of death among people who used illicit opioids in England, 2001-18: a matched cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Article
- A Method for Detecting and Analyzing Facial Features of People with Drug Use Disorders.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Routine Use of Prescription Adderall Leading to Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Respiratory Failure.Cureus · 2021Article
- A fatal case after an intravenous injection of levamisole.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2021Article
- History of Respiratory Stimulants.Journal of pain research · 2021Review
- The association between regular cocaine use, with and without tobacco co-use, and adverse cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Diffuse Subcutaneous Emphysema after Methamphetamine Inhalation.Case reports in pulmonology · 2020Article
- Analytical quantification, intoxication case series, and pharmacological mechanism of action for N-ethylnorpentylone (N-ethylpentylone or ephylone).Drug testing and analysis · 2019Article
- Bilateral spontaneous pneumothoraces with spontaneous pneumomediastinum: An intravenous methamphetamine complication.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2018Article
- A peculiar case of asymptomatic spontaneous pneumomediastinum.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2017Article
- Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A rare complication of methamphetamine use.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2017Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α/Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Autocrine Loop Contributes to Cocaine-Mediated Alveolar Epithelial Barrier Damage.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2016Article
- Cocaine Use and Splenic Rupture: A Rare Yet Serious Association.Clinics and practice · 2016Article
- Intranasal Fentanyl Intoxication Leading to Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2016Article
- Emerging and Underrecognized Complications of Illicit Drug Use.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Illicit stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamine, and their derivatives (e.g., "ecstasy"), continue to exact heavy toll on health care in both developed and developing countries. The US Department of Health and Human Service reported over one million illicit drug-related emergency department visits in 2010, which was higher than any of the six previous years. Both inhaled and intravenous forms of these substances of abuse can result in a variety of acute and chronic injuries to practically every part of the respiratory tract, leading potentially to permanent morbidities as well as fatal consequences--including but not limited to nasal septum perforation, pulmonary hypertension, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, interstitial lung disease, alveolar hemorrhage, reactive airway disease, pulmonary edema, pulmonary granulomatosis, infections, foreign body aspiration, infections, bronchoconstriction, and thermal injuries. Stimulants are all rapidly absorbed substances that can also significantly alter the patient's systemic acid-base balance and central nervous system, thereby leading to further respiratory compromise. Mounting evidence in the past decade has demonstrated that adulterants coinhaled with these substances (e.g., levamisole) and the metabolites of these substances (e.g., cocaethylene) are associated with specific forms of systemic and respiratory complications as well. Recent studies have also demonstrated the effects of stimulants on autoimmune-mediated injuries of the respiratory tract, such as cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. A persistent challenge to studies involving stimulant-associated respiratory toxidromes is the high prevalence of concomitant usage of various substances by drug abusers, including tobacco smoking. Now more than ever, health care providers must be familiar with the multitude of respiratory toxidromes as well as the diverse pathophysiology related to commonly abused stimulants to provide timely diagnosis and effective treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.