ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
An out-of-frame overlapping reading frame in the ataxin-1 coding sequence encodes a novel ataxin-1 interacting protein.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systematic Detection of Alternative Open Reading Frames (altORFs) in Cancer Driver Genes.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Wings of Discovery: UsingCells · 2025Review
- A large-scale sORF screen identifies putative microproteins involved in cancer cell fitness.iScience · 2025Article
- Advances in the discovery and analyses of human tandem repeats.Emerging topics in life sciences · 2023Review
- Biological factors and statistical limitations prevent detection of most noncanonical proteins by mass spectrometry.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Readthrough isoform of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease and other proteinopathies.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Review
- azyx-1 is a new gene that overlaps with zyxin and affects its translation in C. elegans, impacting muscular integrity and locomotion.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Newfound Coding Potential of Transcripts Unveils Missing Members of Human Protein Communities.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Article
- Analysis of nested alternate open reading frames and their encoded proteins.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2022Article
- The dark proteome: translation from noncanonical open reading frames.Trends in cell biology · 2022Review
- The alternative proteome in neurobiology.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- The HIV-1 Antisense Gene ASP: The New Kid on the Block.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Alt-RPL36 downregulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by interacting with TMEM24.Nature communications · 2021Article
- New insights into the evolutionary features of viral overlapping genes by discriminant analysis.Virology · 2020Article
- Pervasive functional translation of noncanonical human open reading frames.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- ATXN1 N-terminal region explains the binding differences of wild-type and expanded forms.BMC medical genomics · 2019Article
- Asymmetric evolution in viral overlapping genes is a source of selective protein adaptation.Virology · 2019Article
- Cell-Type-Specific Profiling of Alternative Translation Identifies Regulated Protein Isoform Variation in the Mouse Brain.Cell reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with the expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the ataxin-1 (ATXN1) protein. Recent studies suggest that understanding the normal function of ATXN1 in cellular processes is essential to decipher the pathogenesis mechanisms in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. We found an alternative translation initiation ATG codon in the +3 reading frame of human ATXN1 starting 30 nucleotides downstream of the initiation codon for ATXN1 and ending at nucleotide 587. This novel overlapping open reading frame (ORF) encodes a 21-kDa polypeptide termed Alt-ATXN1 (Alternative ATXN1) with a completely different amino acid sequence from ATXN1. We introduced a hemagglutinin tag in-frame with Alt-ATXN1 in ATXN1 cDNA and showed in cell culture the co-expression of both ATXN1 and Alt-ATXN1. Remarkably, Alt-ATXN1 colocalized and interacted with ATXN1 in nuclear inclusions. In contrast, in the absence of ATXN1 expression, Alt-ATXN1 displays a homogenous nucleoplasmic distribution. Alt-ATXN1 interacts with poly(A)(+) RNA, and its nuclear localization is dependent on RNA transcription. Polyclonal antibodies raised against Alt-ATXN1 confirmed the expression of Alt-ATXN1 in human cerebellum expressing ATXN1. These results demonstrate that human ATXN1 gene is a dual coding sequence and that ATXN1 interacts with and controls the subcellular distribution of Alt-ATXN1.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.