ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2013
Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected men in the Republic of Georgia.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Addictive behaviors · 2018Pooled it
- Assessment of nicotine dependence among tobacco users in a rural area of Salem, Tamilnadu: Community based cross sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Predictors and health outcomes of cigarette and shisha smoking among men in Gaza: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictors and health outcomes of tobacco smoking among the population of Gaza: A large-scale study.Research square · 2024Article
- Roma Socioeconomic Status Has a Higher Impact on Smoking Behaviour than Genetic Susceptibility.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Assessing the Risk of HIV and Hepatitis C among Internally Displaced Persons in Georgia.Annals of global health · 2020Review
- Waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Tobacco in post-conflict settings: the case of Iraq.Ecancermedicalscience · 2017Review
- Article
- The influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2014Article
- Individual and community level risk-factors for alcohol use disorder among conflict-affected persons in Georgia.PloS one · 2014Article
- Prevalence of Physical Nicotine Dependence and its Determinants among Tobacco users in the Rural Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tamil Nadu, India.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social MedicineArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is very little evidence globally on tobacco use and nicotine dependence among civilian populations affected by armed conflict, despite key vulnerability factors related to elevated mental disorders and socio-economic stressors. The study aim was to describe patterns of smoking and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected civilian men in the Republic of Georgia and associations with mental disorders.
methodsA cross-sectional household survey using multistage random sampling was conducted in late 2011 among conflict-affected populations in Georgia. Respondents included in this paper were 1,248 men aged ≥18 years who were internally displaced persons (IDPs) and former IDPs who had returned in their home areas. Outcomes of current tobacco use, heavy use (≥20 cigarettes per day), and nicotine dependence (using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence) were used. PTSD, depression, anxiety and hazardous alcohol use were also measured, along with exposure to traumatic events and a range of demographic and socio-economic characteristics.
resultsOf 1,248 men, 592 (47.4%) smoked and 70.9% of current smokers were heavy smokers. The mean nicotine dependence score was 5.0 and the proportion with high nicotine dependence (≥6) was 41.4%. In multivariate regression analyses, nicotine dependence was significantly associated with PTSD (β 0.74) and depression (β 0.85), along with older age (except 65+ years), and being a returnee (compared to IDPs).
conclusionsThe study reveals very high levels of heavy smoking and nicotine dependence among conflict-affected persons in Georgia. The associations between nicotine dependence, PTSD and depression suggest interventions could yield synergistic benefits.
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