ArticleDiabetes care2013
Ethnic differences in glycemic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Study to Investigate the Contribution of Basal and Post-prandial Blood Glucose to Overall Glycaemia in Subjects With Normal Glycaemic Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes
Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on HBA1C in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer Grade (1and2)
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of ethnicity on HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Multiple nonglycemic genomic loci are newly associated with blood level of glycated hemoglobin in East Asians.Diabetes · 2014Pooled it
- Impact of iGlarLixi on Glycaemic Control Depth and Variability in Asian Pacific People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of LixiLan-O-AP and LixiLan-L-CN.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial.Diabetes care · 2015Trial
- Associations of Hemoglobin Glycation Index with Glucose Variability and Time in Ranges in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Undergoing Continuous Glucose Monitoring.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Predicting postprandial glucose excursions to personalize dietary interventions for type-2 diabetes management.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Parameters of glycemic variability in continuous glucose monitoring as predictors of diabetes: a prospective evaluation in a non-diabetic general population.Advances in laboratory medicine · 2025Article
- Stronger association between morning serum cortisol level and diurnal time in range in type 2 diabetes?Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Efficacy of Self-Review of Lifestyle Behaviors with Once-Weekly Glycated Albumin Measurement in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Pilot Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Validity of European-centric cardiometabolic polygenic scores in multi-ancestry populations.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Article
- Association between glycemia risk index and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- Characteristics, glycemic control and outcomes of adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus attending specialized clinics in primary healthcare centers in Bahrain-A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Mean Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Use of Retrospective Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Is Underrated and Underused.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the association of fasting glucose with HbA1c, and their consequences for mortality: A Mendelian randomization study.EBioMedicine · 2022Article
- Circulating osteocalcin is associated with time in range and other metrics assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
- A new approach for investigating the relative contribution of basal glucose and postprandial glucose to HbA1Nutrition & diabetes · 2021Article
- Population segmentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its clinical applications - a scoping review.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveRecent studies have reported hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) differences across ethnic groups that could limit its use in clinical practice. The authors of the A1C-Derived Average Glucose study have advocated to report HbA1c in estimated average glucose (AG) equivalents. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between HbA1c and the mean of three 7-point self-monitored blood glucose (BG) profiles, and to assess whether estimated AG is an accurate measure of glycemia in different ethnic groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe evaluated 1,879 participants with type 2 diabetes in the DURABLE trial who were 30 to 80 years of age, from 11 countries, and, according to self-reported ethnic origin, were Caucasian, of African descent (black), Asian, or Hispanic. We performed logistic regression of the relationship between the mean self-monitored BG and HbA1c, and estimated AG, according to ethnic background.
resultsBaseline mean (SD) HbA1c was 9.0% (1.3) (75 [SD, 14] mmol/mol), and mean self-monitored BG was 12.1 mmol/L (3.1) (217 [SD, 55] mg/dL). In the clinically relevant HbA1c range of 7.0-9.0% (53-75 mmol/mol), non-Caucasian ethnic groups had 0.2-0.5% (2-6 mmol/mol) higher HbA1c compared with Caucasians for a given BG level. At the mean self-monitored BG levels≤11.6 mmol/L, estimated AG overestimated the actual average BG; at levels>11.6 mmol/L, estimated AG underestimated the actual BG levels.
conclusionsFor a given degree of glycemia, HbA1c levels vary among different ethnic groups. Ethnicity needs to be taken into account when using HbA1c to assess glycemic control or to set glycemic targets. Estimated AG is not a reliable marker for mean glycemia and therefore is of limited clinical value.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.