ArticlePloS one2013
Granulin exacerbates lupus nephritis via enhancing macrophage M2b polarization.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbial alterations associated with the exacerbation of experimental autoimmune uveitis in PGRN-deficient mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The Immunogenic Role of Self-DNA in T Cell Immunity.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophage metabolism in inflammatory heart disease: new insights and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Progranulin mediates the onset of pristane induced systemic lupus erythematosus.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Holothurian triterpene glycoside cucumarioside ACancer cell international · 2023Article
- Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subsets: Shaping Polarization and Targeting.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Progranulin Suppressed Autoimmune Uveitis and Autoimmune Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting Th1/Th17 Cells and Promoting Treg Cells and M2 Macrophages.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Macrophages as a "weapon" in anticancer cellular immunotherapy.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Role of Macrophages in Kidney Fibrosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Integrated, multicohort analysis reveals unified signature of systemic lupus erythematosus.JCI insight · 2020Article
- M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
- Below the surface: The inner lives of TLR4 and TLR9.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
- Transcriptomic profiles of tumor-associated neutrophils reveal prominent roles in enhancing angiogenesis in liver tumorigenesis in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Tubulointerstitial Infiltration of M2 Macrophages in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis Indicates the Presence of Glomerular Crescents and Bad Clinical Parameters.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Progranulin: A key player in autoimmune diseases.Cytokine · 2018Review
- Role of renal expression of CD68 in the long-term prognosis of proliferative lupus nephritis.Journal of nephrology · 2017Article
- Blunting Autoantigen-induced FOXO3a Protein Phosphorylation and Degradation Is a Novel Pathway of Glucocorticoids for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Diagnostic value of progranulin in patients with lupus nephritis and its correlation with disease activity.Rheumatology international · 2016Observational
- HMGB1 Promotes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Enhancing Macrophage Inflammatory Response.Journal of immunology research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsLupus nephritis (LN), with considerable morbidity and mortality, is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Yet, the pathogenic mechanisms of LN have not been clearly elucidated, and efficient therapies are still in great need. Granulin (GRN), a multifunctional protein linked to inflammatory diseases, has recently been reported to correlate with the disease activity of autoimmune diseases. However, the role of GRN in the pathogenic process of LN still remains obscure. In this study, we explored its potential role and underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of LN. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe found that serum GRN levels were significantly up-regulated and were positively correlated with the severity of LN. Overexpression of GRN in vivo by transgenic injection remarkably exacerbated LN, whereas down-regulation of GRN with shRNA ameliorated LN, firmly demonstrating the critical role of GRN in the pathogenesis of LN. Notably, macrophage phenotype analysis revealed that overexpression of GRN could enhance macrophage polarization to M2b, a key mediator of the initiation and progression of LN. On the contrary, down-regulation of GRN resulted in impaired M2b differentiation, thus ameliorating LN. Moreover, we found that MAPK signals were necessary for the effect of GRN on macrophage M2b polarization. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We first demonstrated that GRN could aggravate lupus nephritis (LN) via promoting macrophage M2b polarization, which might provide insights into the pathogenesis of LN as well as potential therapeutic strategies against LN.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.