Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23755071›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in genetics2013

An overview of STRUCTURE: applications, parameter settings, and supporting software.

Liliana Porras-Hurtado, Yarimar Ruiz, Carla Santos, Christopher Phillips, Angel Carracedo, Maria V Lareu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 209 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
209citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

209 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Host-Driven Genetic Diversity ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026
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149 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liliana Porras-HurtadoUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereira Pereira, Colombia ; Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Yarimar Ruiz
Carla Santos
Christopher Phillips
Angel Carracedo
Maria V Lareu

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe present an up-to-date review of STRUCTURE software: one of the most widely used population analysis tools that allows researchers to assess patterns of genetic structure in a set of samples. STRUCTURE can identify subsets of the whole sample by detecting allele frequency differences within the data and can assign individuals to those sub-populations based on analysis of likelihoods. The review covers STRUCTURE's most commonly used ancestry and frequency models, plus an overview of the main applications of the software in human genetics including case-control association studies (CCAS), population genetics, and forensic analysis. The review is accompanied by supplementary material providing a step-by-step guide to running STRUCTURE.

methodsWith reference to a worked example, we explore the effects of changing the principal analysis parameters on STRUCTURE results when analyzing a uniform set of human genetic data. Use of the supporting software: CLUMPP and distruct is detailed and we provide an overview and worked example of STRAT software, applicable to CCAS.

conclusionThe guide offers a simplified view of how STRUCTURE, CLUMPP, distruct, and STRAT can be applied to provide researchers with an informed choice of parameter settings and supporting software when analyzing their own genetic data.

Indexed as

case-control association studiesCLUMPPdistructpopulation structureSTRATstratificationSTRUCTURE

Identifiers

PMID23755071
PMCPMC3665925

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.