ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2013
Reclaimed water as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes: distribution system and irrigation implications.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinically significant Klebsiella pneumoniae persistence in wastewater: co-occurrence of virulence and multidrug resistance genes.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Environmental Risks of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Elements: Occurrence, Fate, and Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Impacts of drought and manure fertilization on soil and radish resistomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Transmission and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Animals, Food, Humans and the Environment.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Metagenomic Assessment of Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plants Identifies Sentinel Antibiotic Resistance Gene Families for Monitoring Reclaimed Wastewater and Treated Sludge.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- From the Reclaimed Water Treatment Plant to Irrigation in Intensive Agriculture Farms: Assessment of the Fate of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria and Genes, and Microbial Pathogens at Real Scale.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- The Role of Water as a Reservoir for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Containing Microfluidic Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Resistance to cephalosporins and quinolones in Escherichia coli isolated from irrigation water from the Rímac river in east Lima, Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2024Article
- Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Antibiotic-ResistantEnvironmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Article
- Vertical and horizontal distributions of clinical antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in Danjiangkou Reservoir, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Long-Term Persistence ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Factors Obscuring the Role ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Antibiotic resistance in fecal sludge and soil in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Analysis of bacteriological pollution and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes of prevailing bacteria emanating from pig farm seepage.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Viability-based quantification of antibiotic resistance genes and human fecal markers in wastewater effluent and receiving waters.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- Reducing water use by alternate-furrow irrigation with livestock wastewater reduces antibiotic resistance gene abundance in the rhizosphere but not in the non-rhizosphere.The Science of the total environment · 2019Article
- High-Throughput Detection of Bacterial Community and Its Drug-Resistance Profiling From Local Reclaimed Wastewater Plants.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Antibiotics in the Soil Environment-Degradation and Their Impact on Microbial Activity and Diversity.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treated wastewater is increasingly being reused to achieve sustainable water management in arid regions. The objective of this study was to quantify the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in recycled water, particularly after it has passed through the distribution system, and to consider point-of-use implications for soil irrigation. Three separate reclaimed wastewater distribution systems in the western U.S. were examined. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify ARGs corresponding to resistance to sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), macrolides (ermF), tetracycline [tet(A), tet(O)], glycopeptides (vanA), and methicillin (mecA), in addition to genes present in waterborne pathogens Legionella pneumophila (Lmip), Escherichia coli (gadAB), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ecfx, gyrB). In a parallel lab study, the effect of irrigating an agricultural soil with secondary, chlorinated, or dechlorinated wastewater effluent was examined in batch microcosms. A broader range of ARGs were detected after the reclaimed water passed through the distribution systems, highlighting the importance of considering bacterial re-growth and the overall water quality at the point of use (POU). Screening for pathogens with qPCR indicated presence of Lmip and gadAB genes, but not ecfx or gyrB. In the lab study, chlorination was observed to reduce 16S rRNA and sul2 gene copies in the wastewater effluent, while dechlorination had no apparent effect. ARGs levels did not change with time in soil slurries incubated after a single irrigation event with any of the effluents. However, when irrigated repeatedly with secondary wastewater effluent (not chlorinated or dechlorinated), elevated levels of sul1 and sul2 were observed. This study suggests that reclaimed water may be an important reservoir of ARGs, especially at the POU, and that attention should be directed toward the fate of ARGs in irrigation water and the implications for human health.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.