Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23754441›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013

Making lasting memories: remembering the significant.

James L McGaugh

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
111citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

111 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
    Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Enhanced brain activity associated with memory access in highly superior autobiographical memory.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Trial
  6. Direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala enhances declarative memory in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2018
    Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Sleep neuroimaging: Review and future directions.Journal of sleep research · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Exploring individual differences in amygdala-mediated memory modulation.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  20. Tell me why: the missing w in episodic memory's what, where, and when.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Review

51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

James L McGaughDepartment of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3800, USA. jlmcgaug@uci.edu

Funding

DRUG EFFECTS ON LEARNING AND MEMORYR01MH012526 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI MCGAUGH, JAMES L · 1985 to 2011
$3.7M
Drug effects on learning and memoryR56MH012526 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI MCGAUGH, JAMES L · 2007 to 2007
$376k
DRUG EFFECTS ON LEARNING AND MEMORYR37MH012526 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA IRVINE · PI MCGAUGH, JAMES L · 1987 to 1996
–
NIMH NIH HHS MH12526NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH012526NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH012526
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Although forgetting is the common fate of most of our experiences, much evidence indicates that emotional arousal enhances the storage of memories, thus serving to create, selectively, lasting memories of our more important experiences. The neurobiological systems mediating emotional arousal and memory are very closely linked. The adrenal stress hormones epinephrine and corticosterone released by emotional arousal regulate the consolidation of long-term memory. The amygdala plays a critical role in mediating these stress hormone influences. The release of norepinephrine in the amygdala and the activation of noradrenergic receptors are essential for stress hormone-induced memory enhancement. The findings of both animal and human studies provide compelling evidence that stress-induced activation of the amygdala and its interactions with other brain regions involved in processing memory play a critical role in ensuring that emotionally significant experiences are well-remembered. Recent research has determined that some human subjects have highly superior autobiographic memory of their daily experiences and that there are structural differences in the brains of these subjects compared with the brains of subjects who do not have such memory. Understanding of neurobiological bases of such exceptional memory may provide additional insights into the processes underlying the selectivity of memory.

Indexed as

AmygdalaArousalCorticosteroneEmotionsEpinephrineHumansMemory, Long-TermReceptors, AdrenergicStress, PsychologicalCorticosteroneEpinephrineReceptors, Adrenergic

Identifiers

PMID23754441
PMCPMC3690616

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.