ReviewNature biotechnology2013
Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres.
Review in Nature biotechnology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 334 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
334 citing papers in PubMed, 1,061 citations in OpenAlex.
- Field performance of MON 94637 and laboratory evidence supporting a Bt pyramiding strategy against key lepidopteran pests in Brazil.Pest management science · 2026Article
- The effect of phenological stage and different plant structures of Bt cotton on the development and survival of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Journal of economic entomology · 2026Article
- Predictive evolutionary genomics: principles, validation, and practice.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Control efficacy of Bt-(Cry1Ab + Cry1F) maize against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) immigrant populations in North China.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Overexpression of cryIAb gene for enhancing yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas) resistance using a marker-free double T-DNA system in Rojolele of Indonesia Rice cultivar.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Scientific assessment of the 2024 post-market environmental monitoring report on the cultivation of genetically modified maize MON 810 in the EU.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emergence patterns, survival, and injury in blended refuges and pure stands of short-stature corn and tall corn.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Three Decades of China's Bt Cotton: Achievements and Insights.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Resistance in Bt Maize Event DBN3601T Expressing Cry1Ab and Vip3Aa Proteins AgainstPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breeding and Molecular Characterization of Insect-Resistant Transgenic Cotton.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- National-scale evidence for rapid cotton yield gains under sustainable intensification in Uzbekistan.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification, expression, and insecticidal activity analysis of a novel cry toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Gxun777-1.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Fusion protein based strategies for developing insect-resistant crops.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Review
- Stochastic Evolutionary Control in Heterogeneous Populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of structured and seed-blend refuges for corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using emergence cages and screen-bagged ear methods.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- Predicting Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations in the southern United States.Environmental entomology · 2026Article
- Caenorhabditis elegans as an experimental model for resilience-boosting microbiota interventions in nonmodel ectotherms.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Challenging the long-held "pied piper" hypothesis: evidence of southward migration of corn earworm (Frontiers in insect science · 2026Article
- Transgenic sugarcane harboringFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Effects of trait stacking on the maize phyllosphere microbiome: a shotgun metagenomic comparison.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
274 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evolution of resistance in pests can reduce the effectiveness of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produced by transgenic crops. We analyzed results of 77 studies from five continents reporting field monitoring data for resistance to Bt crops, empirical evaluation of factors affecting resistance or both. Although most pest populations remained susceptible, reduced efficacy of Bt crops caused by field-evolved resistance has been reported now for some populations of 5 of 13 major pest species examined, compared with resistant populations of only one pest species in 2005. Field outcomes support theoretical predictions that factors delaying resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, low initial frequency of resistance alleles, abundant refuges of non-Bt host plants and two-toxin Bt crops deployed separately from one-toxin Bt crops. The results imply that proactive evaluation of the inheritance and initial frequency of resistance are useful for predicting the risk of resistance and improving strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.