ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2013
Methamphetamine inhibits Toll-like receptor 9-mediated anti-HIV activity in macrophages.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR3 activation of microglia-containing cerebral organoid induces antiviral factors against HIV-1 infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine Induces Metallothionein 1 Expression and an Inflammatory Phenotype in Primary Human HIV-Infected Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 inhibits HIV infection of human iPSC-derived microglia.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Toll-like Receptor Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 or Co-Infection with Hepatitis B or C Virus: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The synthetic opioid fentanyl increases HIV replication and chemokine co-receptor expression in vitro.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Methamphetamine Dysregulation of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Immunity.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Review
- Drugs of Abuse and Their Impact on Viral Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2021Review
- Review
- The impact of substance abuse on HIV-mediated neuropathogenesis in the current ART era.Brain research · 2019Review
- Synthetic Opioid Use and Common Injection-associated Viruses: Expanding the Translational Research Agenda.Current HIV research · 2019Review
- Cocaine-mediated induction of microglial activation involves the ER stress-TLR2 axis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- HIV-1, methamphetamine and astrocytes at neuroinflammatory Crossroads.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- The cross-talk of HIV-1 Tat and methamphetamine in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Glial modulators as potential treatments of psychostimulant abuse.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2014Review
- Impact of methamphetamine on infection and immunity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is one of the key sensors that recognize viral infection/replication in the host cells. Studies have demonstrated that methamphetamine (METH) dysregulated host cell innate immunity and facilitated HIV infection of macrophages. In this study, we present new evidence that METH suppressed TLR9-mediated anti-HIV activity in macrophages. Activation of TLR9 by its agonist CpG-ODN 2216 inhibits HIV replication, which was demonstrated by increased expression of TLR9, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN regulatory factor-7 (IRF-7), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and myxovirus resistance gene A (MxA) in macrophages. However, METH treatment of macrophages greatly compromised the TLR9 signaling-mediated anti-HIV effect and inhibited the expression of TLR9 downstream signaling factors. Dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonists (SCH23390) could block METH-mediated inhibition of anti-HIV activity of TLR9 signaling. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the METH action showed that METH treatment selectively down-regulated the expression of TLR9 on macrophages, whereas it had little effect on the expression of other TLRs. Collectively, our results provide further evidence that METH suppresses host cell innate immunity against HIV infection by down-regulating TLR9 expression and its signaling-mediated antiviral effect in macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.