ArticleExperimental and clinical psychopharmacology2013
The combined effects of alcohol, caffeine, and expectancies on subjective experience, impulsivity, and risk-taking.
Article in Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation depend on CYP1A2 genotypes? A systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) in Alcohol Research.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2022Pooled it
- Domain-General Neural Effects of Associative Learning and Expectations on Pain and Hedonic Taste Perception.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Effects of L-theanine-caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: a proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Faster self-paced rate of drinking for alcohol mixed with energy drinks versus alcohol alone.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Trial
- Subjective responses to simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use relative to alcohol-only use and cannabis-only use: An ecological momentary assessment investigation.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Interpretations and experiences of subjective effects for alcohol alone and when combined with cannabis: A mixed-methods approach.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Optogenetic and pharmacological interventions link hypocretin neurons to impulsivity in mice.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Measuring subjective alcohol effects in daily life using contemporary young adult language.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: Expectancies of use and alcohol-related negative consequences among a young adult sample.Addictive behaviors reports · 2020Article
- The Relationships between Addiction to Highly Caffeinated Drinks, Burnout, and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.Soa--ch'ongsonyon chongsin uihak = Journal of child & adolescent psychiatry · 2019Article
- Extra-endothelial TRPV1 channels participate in alcohol and caffeine actions on cerebral artery diameter.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Higher habitual dietary caffeine consumption is related to lower experimental pain sensitivity in a community-based sample.Psychopharmacology · 2018Article
- Adenosine AFrontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- E-cigarette use, perceptions, and cigarette smoking intentions in a community sample of young adult nondaily cigarette smokers.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Article
- Effects of caffeine on alcohol reinforcement: beverage choice, self-administration, and subjective ratings.Psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Desire to Drink Alcohol is Enhanced with High Caffeine Energy Drink Mixers.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Article
- Expectancies for and use of e-cigarettes and hookah among young adult non-daily smokers.Addictive behaviors · 2016Article
- Concomitant Caffeine Increases Binge Consumption of Ethanol in Adolescent and Adult Mice, But Produces Additive Motor Stimulation Only in Adolescent Animals.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Caffeinated alcoholic beverage (CAB) consumption is a rapidly growing phenomenon among young adults and is associated with a variety of health-risk behaviors. The current study examined whether either caffeinated alcohol or the expectation of receiving caffeinated alcohol altered affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes hypothesized to contribute to risk behavior. Young adult social drinkers (N = 146) participated in a single session where they received alcohol (peak Breath Alcohol Content = .088 g/dL, SD = .019; equivalent to about four standard drinks) and were randomly assigned to one of four further conditions: 1) no caffeine, no caffeine expectancy, 2) caffeine and caffeine expectancy, 3) no caffeine but caffeine expectancy, 4) caffeine but no caffeine expectancy. Participants' habitual CAB consumption was positively correlated with measures of impulsivity and risky behavior, independently of study drugs. Administration of caffeine (mean dose = 220 mg, SD = 38; equivalent to about 2.75 Red Bulls) in the study reduced subjective ratings of intoxication and reversed the decrease in desire to continue drinking, regardless of expectancy. Caffeine also reduced the effect of alcohol on inhibitory reaction time (RT) (faster incorrect responses). Participants not expecting caffeine were less attentive after alcohol, whereas participants expecting caffeine were not, regardless of caffeine administration. Alcohol decreased response accuracy in all participants except those who both expected and received caffeine. Findings suggest that CABs may elevate risk for continued drinking by reducing perceived intoxication, and by maintaining the desire to continue drinking. Simply expecting to consume caffeine may reduce the effects of alcohol on inattention, and either expecting or consuming caffeine may protect against other alcohol-related performance decrements. Caffeine, when combined with alcohol, has both beneficial and detrimental effects on mechanisms known to contribute to risky behavior.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.