ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2013
Early-life air pollution and asthma risk in minority children. The GALA II and SAGE II studies.
Article in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- The odds of developing asthma and wheeze among children and adolescents exposed to particulate matter: asystematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study in minority children with asthma implicates DNAH5 in bronchodilator responsiveness.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- ADRB2 haplotypes and asthma exacerbations in children and young adults: An individual participant data meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2021Pooled it
- A genome-wide study of DNA methylation in white blood cells and asthma in Latino children and youth.Epigenetics · 2021Pooled it
- A genome-wide association study of severe asthma exacerbations in Latino children and adolescents.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- An admixture mapping meta-analysis implicates genetic variation at 18q21 with asthma susceptibility in Latinos.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of asthma in Puerto Ricans.The European respiratory journal · 2017Pooled it
- Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma: Recent Advances and Remaining Gaps in the Exposure Assessment Methods.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2015Pooled it
- ST13 polymorphisms and their effect on exacerbations in steroid-treated asthmatic children and young adults.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of associations between environmental exposures and development of asthma in children aged up to 9 years.BMJ open · 2014Pooled it
- AIRWEIGHS: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Air Cleaners in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Children With Asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2025Trial
- Asthma treatment response modified by fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone among Black children: A reanalysis of the AsthmaNet Best African American Response to Asthma Drugs trial.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Trial
- Genome-wide association study of inhaled corticosteroid response in admixed children with asthma.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Trial
- Race is associated with differences in airway inflammation in patients with asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2017Trial
- Context-specific genetic effects inform endotypes and treatment in asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Bridging Rare to Common Diseases: Precision Medicine and the Transforming Landscape of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- Salidroside and Hongjingtian Injection Inhibit the Onset and Progression of Asthma via Pyroptosis in the Ozone-Exposed Inflammation Environment.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Integrated pro-resolving mechanisms: a new dimension for optimizing anti-inflammatory therapy in asthma - a review of impaired inflammation resolution in airway remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAir pollution is a known asthma trigger and has been associated with short-term asthma symptoms, airway inflammation, decreased lung function, and reduced response to asthma rescue medications.
objectivesTo assess a causal relationship between air pollution and childhood asthma using data that address temporality by estimating air pollution exposures before the development of asthma and to establish the generalizability of the association by studying diverse racial/ethnic populations in different geographic regions.
methodsThis study included Latino (n = 3,343) and African American (n = 977) participants with and without asthma from five urban regions in the mainland United States and Puerto Rico. Residential history and data from local ambient air monitoring stations were used to estimate average annual exposure to five air pollutants: ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide, particulate matter not greater than 10 μm in diameter, and particulate matter not greater than 2.5 μm in diameter. Within each region, we performed logistic regression to determine the relationship between early-life exposure to air pollutants and subsequent asthma diagnosis. A random-effects model was used to combine the region-specific effects and generate summary odds ratios for each pollutant. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsAfter adjustment for confounders, a 5-ppb increase in average NO₂ during the first year of life was associated with an odds ratio of 1.17 for physician-diagnosed asthma (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.31).
conclusionsEarly-life NO₂ exposure is associated with childhood asthma in Latinos and African Americans. These results add to a growing body of evidence that traffic-related pollutants may be causally related to childhood asthma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.