ArticlePloS one2013
Effect of intravitreal methotrexate and rituximab on interleukin-10 levels in aqueous humor of treated eyes with vitreoretinal lymphoma.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of various treatment modalities in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental ophthalmologyPooled it
- High-Dimensional Vitreous Proteomics Identifies Epigenetic Pathway Signatures in Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of vitreoretinal lymphoma in Chinese patients (2024).Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Retinal changes of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma after intravitreal methotrexate.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Management and Prognosis of Primary Intraocular Lymphoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Vitreoretinal Lymphoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Vitreoretinal lymphoma, secondary to non-CNS systemic lymphoma, masquerading as an infectious retinitis.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2019Article
- [Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2018Article
- The diagnosis and treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: a review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2018Review
- Case 01-2017 - Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL): report of a case and update of literature from 1942 to 2016.Annals of eye science · 2017Article
- High-dose methotrexate following intravitreal methotrexate administration in preventing central nervous system involvement of primary intraocular lymphoma.Cancer science · 2016Article
- [Diagnostics and treatment of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2015Article
- A comprehensive review of intravitreal immunosuppressants and biologicals used in ophthalmology.Therapeutic advances in ophthalmologyReview
- Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intraocular cytokines are promising diagnostic biomarkers of vitreoretinal lymphoma. Here, we evaluate the utility of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-10/IL-6 for discriminating lymphoma from uveitis and report the effects of intraocular methotrexate and rituximab on aqueous cytokine levels in eyes with lymphoma. This is a retrospective case series including 10 patients with lymphoma and 7 patients with uveitis. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney analysis was performed to determine statistical significance of difference in interleukin levels between lymphoma and uveitis. Compared to eyes with uveitis, eyes with lymphoma had higher levels of IL-10 (U = 7.0; two-tailed p = 0.004) and IL-10/IL-6 (U = 6.0; two-tailed p = 0.003), whereas IL-6 levels were more elevated, although insignificant, in those patients with uveitis than in lymphoma (U = 15.0; two-tailed p = ns). Using a receiver operating characteristic analysis to identify threshold values diagnostic for lymphoma, optimal sensitivity and specificity improved to 80.0% and 100%, respectively, for IL-10>7.025 pg/ml and 90.0% and 100.0%, respectively, for IL-10/IL-6>0.02718. In patients in whom serial interleukin levels were available, regular intravitreal treatment with methotrexate and rituximab was associated with reduction in IL-10 levels over time. In conclusion, optimal IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 threshold values are associated with a diagnostic sensitivity ≥80% and specificity of 100%. Therefore, these cytokines may serve as a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of lymphoma. While negative IL-10 and IL-10/IL-6 values do not exclude a diagnosis of lymphoma, elevated levels do appear to be consistent with lymphoma clinically. Moreover, elevated levels of IL-10 in the setting of a clinically quiet eye may point to impending disease recurrence. Lastly, once lymphoma is diagnosed, IL-10 levels can be monitored over time to assess disease activity and therapeutic response.
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