Observational studyReproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)2014
The interplay of the interleukin 1 system in pregnancy and labor.
Observational study in Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Evidence for maternal autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of preterm birth.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- The Role of Papaverine in the Molecular and Biomechanical Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evidence for Maternal Autoantibodies in the Pathogenesis of Preterm Birth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- M1 Macrophages Are a Source of IL-1α: A Driver of Progesterone Metabolism and Myometrial Contraction.Cells · 2025Article
- Development of a spontaneous preterm birth predictive model using a panel of serum protein biomarkers for early pregnant women: A nested case-control study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Exploring stress and depressive symptoms in pregnancy and the IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein pathway: Looking for possible biomarker targets.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Interleukins IL33/ST2 and IL1-β in Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Seropositivity of Anti-Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Group B streptococcus induces cellular senescence in human amnion epithelial cells through a partial interleukin-1-mediated mechanism.Biology of reproduction · 2024Article
- The role of interleukin-1 in perinatal inflammation and its impact on transitional circulation.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Biological Compositions of Canine Amniotic Membrane and Its Extracts and the Investigation of Corneal Wound Healing Efficacy In Vitro.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- The promise of placental extracellular vesicles: models and challenges for diagnosing placental dysfunction in utero†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Review
- Inflammatory Amplification: A Central Tenet of Uterine Transition for Labor.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Inflammasomes: Their Role in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Review
- Combined Proinflammatory Biomarkers Have Better Predictive Value for Term Labor than Single Markers.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Article
- IL-36 Cytokines: Regulators of Inflammatory Responses and Their Emerging Role in Immunology of Reproduction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Transcriptomic analysis of fetal membranes reveals pathways involved in preterm birth.BMC medical genomics · 2019Article
- Mouse models of preterm birth: suggested assessment and reporting guidelines.Biology of reproduction · 2018Review
- Patterns of Systemic and Cervicovaginal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines throughout Pregnancy.American journal of perinatology · 2018Article
- Comparison of Serum and Cervical Cytokine Levels throughout Pregnancy between Preterm and Term Births.AJP reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work assessed the temporal coexpression of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), in the cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) beyond 24 weeks gestation including women in spontaneous term labor. Two cohorts of women were recruited at 24 to 35 weeks' gestation (n = 65) and in late pregnancy (>36 weeks' gestation; n = 88). The CVF was serially collected either every 4 weeks between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation (n = 123 samples) or weekly during late pregnancy (n = 240 samples). The IL-1 and IL-1ra were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of vaginal microflora and unprotected sexual intercourse were also investigated. The IL-1β and IL-1ra remain unaltered between 24 and 35 weeks' gestation. At late pregnancy, IL-1α and β concentrations peak at 4 to 14 days prior to labor onset, while IL-1ra decreases with approaching spontaneous term labor (P < .05, 2-way analysis of variance). The IL-1 and IL-1ra were significantly correlated (P < .001, Pearson r). A combined biomarker model of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1ra can predict term labor with 86% sensitivity and 92% specificity. This study indicates a shifting inflammatory balance in the gestational tissues prior to labor onset.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.