Trial reportJournal of neurology2013
Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the CONFIRM study.
Trial report in Journal of neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Ocrelizumab efficacy in subgroups of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2019Trial
- Time course of clinical and neuroradiological effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2015Trial
- Clinical efficacy of BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of the DEFINE study.Journal of neurology · 2013Trial
- The role of age in choosing high-efficacy treatment for multiple sclerosis: an Austrian MS Database study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Aging is associated with reduced inflammatory disease activity independent of disease duration in relapsing multiple sclerosis trial populations.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Article
- Pathological Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Review.Aging and disease · 2020Review
- Current Landscape of NRF2 Biomarkers in Clinical Trials.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Aggressive multiple sclerosis (2): Treatment.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2020Article
- Regulation of KCNMA1 transcription by Nrf2 in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2020Article
- Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Study From Spain.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Dimethyl fumarate mitigates optic neuritis.Molecular vision · 2019Article
- Discontinuation and comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate and fingolimod in 2 centers.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2018Article
- Sex Bias in Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Neuroinflammation: Relevance for Dimethyl Fumarate Immunomodulatory/Anti-oxidant Action.Molecular neurobiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Efficacy and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in White-, African- and Hispanic- Americans with multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2016Article
- Dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: latest developments, evidence and place in therapy.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled and active reference (glatiramer acetate) comparator CONFIRM study in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, oral BG-12 (dimethyl fumarate) reduced the annualized relapse rate (ARR; primary endpoint), as well as the proportion of patients relapsed, magnetic resonance imaging lesion activity, and confirmed disability progression, compared with placebo. We investigated the clinical efficacy of BG-12 240 mg twice daily (BID) and three times daily (TID) in patient subgroups stratified according to baseline demographic and disease characteristics including gender, age, relapse history, McDonald criteria, treatment history, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, T2 lesion volume, and gadolinium-enhancing lesions. BG-12 treatment demonstrated generally consistent benefits on relapse-related outcomes across patient subgroups, reflecting the positive findings in the overall CONFIRM study population. Treatment with BG-12 BID and TID reduced the ARR and the proportion of patients relapsed at 2 years compared with placebo in all subgroups analyzed. Reductions in ARR with BG-12 BID versus placebo ranged from 34% [rate ratio 0.664 (95% confidence interval 0.422-1.043)] to 53% [0.466 (0.313-0.694)] and from 13% [0.870 (0.551-1.373)] to 67% [0.334 (0.226-0.493)] with BG-12 TID versus placebo. Treatment with glatiramer acetate reduced the ARR and the proportion of patients relapsed at 2 years compared with placebo in most patient subgroups. The results of these analyses indicate that treatment with BG-12 is effective on relapses across a broad range of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with varied demographic and disease characteristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.