ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2013
Too tight to give birth? Assessment of pelvic floor muscle function in 277 nulliparous pregnant women.
Article in International urogynecology journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02582580 (Effects of Perineal Massage, Vaginal Dilator and Pelvic Floor Muscles Training on the Perineal Integrity Primiparous), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Perineal Massage, Vaginal Dilator and Pelvic Floor Muscles Training on the Perineal Integrity Primiparous: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of antenatal pelvic floor muscle training on labor and delivery outcomes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2015Pooled it
- Exceeding the guidelines: A descriptive study of exercise, pregnancy, maternal and neonatal health outcomes in elite and recreational athletes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Elastographic and Electromyographic of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Postmenopausal Women with Stress Urinary Incontinence Symptoms.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Is Physical Activity Good or Bad for the Female Pelvic Floor? A Narrative Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Review
- Pelvic floor muscle variables and levator hiatus dimensions: a 3/4D transperineal ultrasound cross-sectional study on 300 nulliparous pregnant women.International urogynecology journal · 2014Article
- Evaluation of perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy.Revista latino-americana de enfermagemArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisTheoretically, tight or strong pelvic floor muscles may impair the progress of labor and lead to instrumental deliveries. We aimed to investigate whether vaginal resting pressure, pelvic floor muscle strength, or endurance at midpregnancy affect delivery outcome.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort study of women giving birth at a university hospital. Vaginal resting pressure, pelvic floor muscle strength, and endurance in 300 nulliparous pregnant women were assessed at mean gestational week 20.8 (±1.4) using a high precision pressure transducer connected to a vaginal balloon. Delivery outcome measures [acute cesarean section, prolonged second stage of labor (> 2 h), instrumental vaginal delivery (vacuum and forceps), episiotomy, and third- and fourth-degree perineal tear) were retrieved from the hospital's electronic birth records.
resultsTwenty-three women were lost to follow-up, mostly because they gave birth at another hospital. Women with prolonged second stage had significantly higher resting pressure than women with second stage less than 2 h; the mean difference was 4.4 cmH2O [95 %confidence interval (CI) 1.2-7.6], p < 0.01, adjusted odds ratio 1.049 (95 % CI 1.011-1.089, p = 0.012). Vaginal resting pressure did not affect other delivery outcomes. Pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance similarly were not associated with any delivery outcomes.
conclusionsWhile midpregnancy vaginal resting pressure is associated with prolonged second stage of labor, neither vaginal resting pressure nor pelvic floor muscle strength or endurance are associated with operative delivery or perineal tears. Strong pelvic floor muscles are not disadvantageous for vaginal delivery.
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Registered trials
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