ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2013
Changes in body composition in triathletes during an Ironman race.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Performance, physiology, and determinants of success in IRONMAN® 70.3: A systematic review.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Seawater Hydration Modulates IL-6 and Apelin Production during Triathlon Events: A Crossover Randomized Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Evaluation of Thigh Mineral-Free Lean Mass Measures Using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) in Young Children.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-distance triathlons: a case study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Genetic Polymorphisms and Their Impact on Body Composition and Performance of Brazilians in a 105 Km Mountain Ultramarathon.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2023Article
- Pacing and Body Weight Changes During a Mountain Ultramarathon: Sex Differences and Performance.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Self-Selected Pacing During a World Record Attempt in 40 Ironman-Distance Triathlons in 40 Days.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Hydration Status After an Ironman Triathlon: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of human kinetics · 2019Article
- Half-body MRI volumetry of abdominal adipose tissue in patients with obesity.BMC medical imaging · 2019Article
- Body Composition Changes During a 24-h Winter Mountain Running Race Under Extremely Cold Conditions.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Core Temperature Response During the Marathon Portion of the Ironman World Championship (Kona-Hawaii).Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
- Pacing and Changes in Body Composition in 48 h Ultra-Endurance Running-A Case Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Pacing in a 94-year-old runner during a 6-hour run.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2018Article
- The impact of high BMI on acute changes in body composition following 90 minutes of running.Cogent medicine · 2018Article
- The effect of hydration status on the measurement of lean tissue mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.European journal of applied physiology · 2017Article
- Fluid retention, muscle damage, and altered body composition at the Ultraman triathlon.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Article
- Article
- Segmental Musculoskeletal Examinations using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA): Positioning and Analysis Considerations.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTriathletes lose body mass during an Ironman triathlon. However, the associated body composition changes remain enigmatic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate Ironman-induced changes in segmental body composition, using for the first time dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT).
methodsBefore and after an Ironman triathlon, segmental body composition and lower leg tissue mass, areas and densities were assessed using DXA and pQCT, respectively, in eight non-professional male triathletes. In addition, blood and urine samples were collected for the determination of hydration status.
resultsBody mass decreased by 1.9 ± 0.8 kg. This loss was due to 0.4 ± 0.3 and 1.4 ± 0.8 kg decrease in fat and lean mass, respectively (P < 0.01). Calf muscle density was reduced by 1.93 ± 1.04 % (P < 0.01). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma [K(+)] remained unchanged, while plasma [Na(+)] (P < 0.05), urine specific gravity and plasma and urine osmolality increased (P < 0.01).
conclusionsThe loss in lean mass was explained by a decrease in muscle density, as an indicator of glycogen loss, and increases in several indicators for dehydration. The measurement of body composition with DXA and pQCT before and after an Ironman triathlon provided exact values for the loss in fat and lean mass. Consequently, these results yielded more detailed insights into tissue catabolism during ultra-endurance exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.