SynthesisJournal of the neurological sciences2013
Secondary blepharospasm associated with structural lesions of the brain.
Synthesis in Journal of the neurological sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Structural Findings in Patients With Lesion-Induced Dystonia: Descriptive and Quantitative Analysis of Published Cases.Neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The anatomical basis of upper limb dystonia: lesson from secondary cases.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2016Pooled it
- Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Lesion-Induced Blepharospasm: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Oromandibular dystonia: from onset to spread a multicenter italian study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The pathogenesis of blepharospasm.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- THE EFFECT OF BOTULINUM TOXIN TYPE A IN PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL BLEPHAROSPASM.Acta clinica Croatica · 2022Article
- Blepharospasm and Bradyphrenia With Infarction of the Artery of Percheron: A Case Report.Cureus · 2022Article
- Atypical Blepharospasm with Oromandibular Dystonia Associated with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy.Neuro-ophthalmology (Aeolus Press) · 2022Article
- Case report: Blepharospasm in peak-dose dyskinesia may benefit from amantadine in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Thalamic structural connectivity profiles in blepharospam/Meige's syndrome.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Article
- Neuropathology of blepharospasm.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Neuroimaging in idiopathic adult-onset focal dystonia.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Dystonias.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
- Olfaction as a Marker for Dystonia: Background, Current State and Directions.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Does the network model fits neurophysiological abnormalities in blepharospasm?Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Review
- Advances in the pathophysiology of adult-onset focal dystonias: recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Structural Brain Changes in Blepharospasm: A Cortical Thickness and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlepharospasm is a form of focal dystonia that manifests as repetitive involuntary closure of the eyes. The pathogenesis of blepharospasm and the neuroanatomic substrates involved are not fully understood. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia traditionally is presumed to be the main cause of most forms of dystonia, but a growing body of evidence suggests that a network of additional cortical and subcortical structures may be involved.
methodsThe medical records of 1114 patients with blepharospasm seen over past 10 years at Emory University were reviewed to identify potentially contributing brain lesions. A systematic review of the published literature was also conducted to identify potentially contributing brain lesions.
resultsAmong patients with blepharospasm at Emory University, 18 had focal lesions on imaging studies available for review. The literature review revealed 25 articles describing 30 additional cases of blepharospasm associated with focal lesions. Among all 48 cases, lesions were found in multiple regions including the thalamus (n=12), lower brainstem (n=11), basal ganglia (n=9), cerebellum (n=9), midbrain (n=7), and cortex (n=1).
conclusionsThese data in combination with functional imaging studies of primary blepharospasm support a model in which a network of different regions plays a role in the pathogenesis of blepharospasm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.