ArticleCell2013
Reshaping antibody diversity.
Article in Cell, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 135 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed.
- IMGTAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Widespread Molecular Imprints in the Serum Proteome of COVID-19 Convalescents Uncovering Immune System Sequelae.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- Class switched bovine ultralong CDR H3 amplicons versus canonical in immune and non-immune tissues.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of the organization and complexity of immunoglobulin light chain loci in equids.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- Expression of ultralong complementarity determining region 3 and development of IgM and IgG B cell receptor repertoires in Holstein heifer calves.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Leveraging single B cell antibody platforms to develop countermeasures against animal viral diseases: recent advances and future perspectives.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- VNpj viruses · 2025Article
- Explore antibody repertoire in the era of AI.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of 19 Bovine Antibodies with Ultralong CDR H3.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Mammalian Adaptive Immune Loci Revealed Spectacular Divergence and Common Genetic Patterns.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Bovine Ultra-Long CDR H3 Specific for Bovine Rotavirus Displays Potent Virus Neutralization and Therapeutic Effects in Infected Calves.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Stability convergence in natural antibodies with ultra-long hypervariable loops.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization and complexity of the immunoglobulin repertoire in the silver-black fox (Vulpes vulpes).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- A novel loop-structure-based bispecific CAR that targets CD19 and CD22 with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against B-cell malignancies.Protein & cell · 2025Article
- Construction of a lightweight, bispecific human antibody based on the bovine nano knob domain.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- Understanding vertebrate immunity through comparative immunology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of CDR3 region diversity with different lengths in bovine immunoglobulin heavy chain genes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Antibodies and cryptographic hash functions: quantifying the specificity paradox.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Annotation of gene loci and analysis of expression diversity in sheep immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Proteomic profile of the antibody diversity in circulating extracellular vesicles of lung adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Some species mount a robust antibody response despite having limited genome-encoded combinatorial diversity potential. Cows are unusual in having exceptionally long CDR H3 loops and few V regions, but the mechanism for creating diversity is not understood. Deep sequencing reveals that ultralong CDR H3s contain a remarkable complexity of cysteines, suggesting that disulfide-bonded minidomains may arise during repertoire development. Indeed, crystal structures of two cow antibodies reveal that these CDR H3s form a very unusual architecture composed of a β strand "stalk" that supports a structurally diverse, disulfide-bonded "knob" domain. Diversity arises from somatic hypermutation of an ultralong DH with a severe codon bias toward mutation to cysteine. These unusual antibodies can be elicited to recognize defined antigens through the knob domain. Thus, the bovine immune system produces an antibody repertoire composed of ultralong CDR H3s that fold into a diversity of minidomains generated through combinations of somatically generated disulfides.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.