ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2013
Benign breast disease, mammographic breast density, and the risk of breast cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Breast cancer risk prediction using machine learning: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Risk Stratification of Atypical Breast Lesions Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy: Toward Selective Surgical Excision.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Advancing Evidence of the Associations between specific Benign Breast Diagnoses and Future Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Multi‑scale immune and spatial profiling of sclerosing adenosis and surrounding breast tissue identifies an immune‑cold field phenotype associated with breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Associations of local breast density with patient characteristics and risk of breast cancer among women undergoing diagnostic breast biopsy.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Metabolic syndrome is an independent correlate of breast nodules: a retrospective case-control study.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Misdiagnosis in breast imaging: a statement paper from European Society Breast Imaging (EUSOBI)-Part 1: The role of common errors in radiology in missed breast cancer and implications of misdiagnosis.European radiology · 2025Review
- Statin use and risk of breast cancer among women with benign breast disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- A systematic review of determinants of breast cancer risk among women with benign breast disease.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Relationship between breast tissue involution and breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Long term follow-up of women treated for screen detected atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia in a large UK screening centre.BJC reports · 2024Article
- Association Between False-Positive Results and Return to Screening Mammography in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium Cohort.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Article
- SC-Unext: A Lightweight Image Segmentation Model with Cellular Mechanism for Breast Ultrasound Tumor Diagnosis.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2024Article
- Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer Risk in the Percutaneous Biopsy Era.JAMA surgery · 2024Article
- Causal mediation analysis using high-dimensional image mediator bounded in irregular domain with an application to breast cancer.Biometrics · 2023Article
- Multi-MicroRNA Analysis Can Improve the Diagnostic Performance of Mammography in Determining Breast Cancer Risk.The breast journal · 2023Article
- Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives.Cancers · 2022Review
- Toward a digital analysis of environmental impacts on rodent mammary gland density during critical developmental windows.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Long-Term Risk of Breast Cancer after Diagnosis of Benign Breast Disease by Screening Mammography.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBenign breast disease and high breast density are prevalent, strong risk factors for breast cancer. Women with both risk factors may be at very high risk.
methodsWe included 42818 women participating in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium who had no prior diagnosis of breast cancer and had undergone at least one benign breast biopsy and mammogram; 1359 women developed incident breast cancer in 6.1 years of follow-up (78.1% invasive, 21.9% ductal carcinoma in situ). We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression analysis. The referent group was women with nonproliferative changes and average density. All P values are two-sided.
resultsBenign breast disease and breast density were independently associated with breast cancer. The combination of atypical hyperplasia and very high density was uncommon (0.6% of biopsies) but was associated with the highest risk for breast cancer (HR = 5.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.52 to 8.09, P < .001). Proliferative disease without atypia (25.6% of biopsies) was associated with elevated risk that varied little across levels of density: average (HR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.69, P = .003), high (HR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.68 to 2.44, P < .001), or very high (HR = 2.05; 95% CI = 1.54 to 2.72, P < .001). Low breast density (4.5% of biopsies) was associated with low risk (HRs <1) for all benign pathology diagnoses.
conclusionsWomen with high breast density and proliferative benign breast disease are at very high risk for future breast cancer. Women with low breast density are at low risk, regardless of their benign pathologic diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.